تأثیر فناوری زیستی ارقام گیاهی بر محیط زیست در پرتو اخلاق زیستی
مجله اخلاق زیستی- علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 12 شماره 1 (1401),
3 December 2022
,
صفحه 1-16
https://doi.org/10.22037/bioeth.v12i1.39689
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: فناوری زیستی ارقام گیاهی از موضوعات مهمی است که دارای ابعاد مختلفی است و در این مقاله تلاش شده به بررسی تأثیر آن بر محیط زیست در پرتو اخلاق زیستی پرداخته شود.
روش: روش تحقیق توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانهای به انجام رسیده است.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تمام مراحل نگارش پژوهش حاضر، اصالت متون، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است.
یافتهها: فناوری زیستی ارقام گیاهی از طریق تغییرات ژنتیکی بر گونههای گیاهی غیر دستکاری ژنتیکیشده و تأثیر سوء بر حشرات و کاهش تنوع زیستی بر محیط زیست تأثیرگذار است. تغییرات ژنتیکی باعث آسیب به برخی ارگانیسمها (مانند آفات و حشرات) در اکوسیستم میشود و از تنوع زیستی آنها میکاهد. فناوری زیستی ارقام گیاهی از منظر اخلاق زیستی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. سازمان بهداشت جهانی با اقداماتی مانند نحوه برچسب اطلاعات فرآوردههای اصلاح ژنتیك شده و سازمان خواروبار جهانی با تشکیل کمیسیون کدکس الیمنتاریوس به صورت مشترک با سازمان بهداشت جهانی، تشکیل کنوانسیون بینالمللی حفظ نباتات و کمیسیون و معاهده بینالمللی منابع ژنتیک غذا و کشاورزی و نشستهای تخصصی اخلاق زیستی را در فرایند فناوری زیستی ارقام گیاهی مورد توجه و تأکید قرار دادهاند.
نتیجهگیری: اتخاذ سیاست عادلانه کشاورزی، تقویت تحقیقات، تلاش برای اصلاح نباتات با مشارکت کشاورزان، توسعه بنیان ژنتیکی گیاهان و استفاده گسترده از گیاهان زراعی بومی و شیوههای بهنژادی، مهمترین روشها و سازوکارهای توجه به اخلاق زیستی در فرایند فناوری زیستی ارقام گیاهی است.
- فناوری زیستی؛ ارقام گیاهی؛ محیط زیست؛ اخلاق زیستی
ارجاع به مقاله
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