Improvement of Cellulase Production and its Characteristics by Inducing Mutation on Trichoderma reesei 2414 under Solid State Fermentation on Rice By-products
Applied Food Biotechnology,
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018),
2 January 2018
,
Page 11-18
https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v5i1.18651
Abstract
Background and Objective: Solid State Fermentation is an economic technology to produce value-added products. Also, the use of agricultural by-products, as a waste management strategy, has recently been considered. On the other hand, the new mutants are interesting for the production of enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mutation on the improvement of cellulase quality. Therefore, rice by-products were used under solid state fermentation for production of cellulase. Moreover, the characteristics of the new cellulose produced from the new mutated strain was studied.
Material and Methods: Cellulase was produced under solid state fermentation process. Spore suspensions of Trichoderma reesei were subjected to Co60 γ irradiation and mutated. The activities of cellulases (from parent and mutants) were compared. The effects of temperature and pH on cellulase activity and the stability of cellulase in optimum condition were investigated.
Results and Conclusion: Cellulase was successfully produced under solid state fermentation on the mixture of rice by-products as substrate. The results showed that mutation had a significant effect on cellulase activity and Characteristics. Trichoderma reesei B (a mutated strain) had about 30% filter Paperase and 23% Carboxymethyl Cellulase higher than its parent. Cellulase activity of Trichoderma reesei B was 47% higher than its parent at the optimum temperature (50°C). In other temperatures, the activity of cellulase extracted from Trichoderma reesei B was significantly higher than that of the others; for example, at 60°C, the enzyme activity was 120% higher than its parent. It is notable that an 84% increase in the enzyme activity was observed at the optimum pH (4.5) after mutation and cellulase activity increased from 0.72 U g-1 dry solid to 1.31 U g-1 dry solid.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- ▪ Cellulase ▪ Solid State Fermentation ▪ Mutation ▪ Trichoderma reesei ▪ Rice by-products
How to Cite
References
Brijwani Kh, Singh OH, Vadlani PV. Production of a cellulolytic enzyme system in mixed-culture solid-state fermentation of soybean hulls supplemented with wheat bran. Process Biochem. 2010;45:120–128. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.08.015.
Behera S, Ray RC. Solid state fermentation for production of microbial cellulases: Recent advances and improvement strategies. Int J Biol Macro Molec. 2016;86:656–669. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.090.
Chahal DS. Production of Trichoderma reesei cellulase system with high hydrolytic potential by solid-state fermentation. In: Leatham GF, Himmel ME, Enzymes in biomass conversion. 1991;460:111-122. ACS Symposium Series.
Chandel AK, Chandrasekhar G, Silva MB, da Silva SS. The realm of cellulases in biorefinery development. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2012;32:187–202. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2011.595385.
Buck A, Casciatori FP, Thomeo JC, Tsotsas E. Model-based control of enzyme yield in solid-state fermentation. Procedia Eng. 2015;102:362–371. 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.163.
Couto SR, Sanroman MA. Application of solid-state fermentation to food industry—a review. J Food Eng. 2006;76:291–302. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.05.022.
Shathele MS. Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Fungal Growth and Associated Pathogens. Res J Environ Toxicol. 2009;3:94-100.
Deschamps F, Giuliano C, Asther M, Huet MC, Roussos S. Cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum in static and mixed solid-state fermentation reactors under nonaseptic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1985;27:1385–1388. doi: 10.1002/bit.260270917.
Elakkiya P, Muralikrishnan V. Cellulase production and purification of mutant strain Trichoderma viride. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2014;3:720–727.
FAO: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC [Accessed 14 Jun 2017].
El-Bakry M, Abraham J, Cerda A, Barrena R, Ponsa S, Gea T, Sanchez A. From wastes to high value added products: novel aspects of SSF in the production of enzymes. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 2015;45:1999–2042. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2015.1010423.
Florencio C, Couri S, Farinas CS. Correlation between Agar Plate Screening and Solid-State Fermentation for the Prediction of Cellulase Production by Trichoderma Strains. Enzyme Res. 2012;2012:1–7. doi: 10.1155/2012/793708.
Ghose TK. Measurements of cellulase activities. Pure Appl Chem. 1987;59:257–268. doi: 10.1351/pac198759020257.
Holker U, Hofer M, Lenz J. Biotechnological advantages of laboratory-scale solid-state fermentation with fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004; 64:175–186.
Kang SW, Park YS, Lee JS, Hong SI, Kim SW. Production of cellulases and hemicellulases by Aspergillus niger KK2 from lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour. Technol. 2004;91:153–156. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00172-X
Khoshnevisan K, Bordbar A-Kh, Zare D, Davoodi D, Noruzi M, Barkhi M, Tabatabaei M. Immobilization of cellulase enzyme on superparamagnetic nanoparticles and determination of its activity and stability. Chem Eng. J. 2011;171:669–673. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.039.
Miller GL. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem. 1959;31:426–428. doi: 10.1021/ac60147a030.
Kuar PP, Arneja JS, Singh J. Enzymic Hydrolysis of Rice Straw by Crude Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei. Bioresour Technol. 1998; 66:267–269. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00138-7.
Latifian M, Hamidi-Esfahani Z, Barzegar M. Evaluation of culture conditions for cellulase production by two Trichoderma reesei mutants under solid-state fermentation conditions. Bioresour Technol. 2007; 98:3634–3637. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.019.
Ogel ZB, Yarangumeli K, Dundar H, Ifrij I. Submerged cultivation of Scytalidium thermophilum on complex lignocellulosic biomass for endoglucanase production. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2001;28:689–695. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00315-5.
Li Xh, Yang Hj, Roy B, Parkb EY, Jianga Lj, Wanga D, Miao Yg. Enhanced cellulase production of the Trichoderma viride mutated by microwave and ultraviolet. Microbiol Res. 2010;165:190–198. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2009.04.001.
Nataraja S, Chetan DM, Krishnappa M. Effect of temperature on cellulose enzyme activity in crude extracts isolated from solid wastes microbes. Int J Microbiol Res. 2010; 2:44–47.
Liu YT, Lou ZY, Long Ch-N, Wang HD, Long MN, Hu Zh. Cellulase production in a new mutant strain of Penicillium decumbens ML-017 by solid state fermentation with rice bran. N Biotechnol. 2011;28:733–737. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.12.003.
Pandey A, Soccol CR, Mitchell D. New developments in solid state fermentation: I-bioprocesses and products. Process Biochem. 2000;35:1153–1169. doi: 10.1016/S0032-9592(00)00152-7.
Pandey A, Selvakumar P, Soccol CR, Nigam P. Solid state fermentation for the production of industrial enzymes. Curr Sci. 1999;77:149–162.
Petchluan P, Pukahuta Ch, Chaikong N. Characterization of Xylanase and Cellulase from Lentinus polychrous Lev. LP-PT-1. Chiang Mai J Sci. 2014;41:1007–1019.
Rocky-Salimi K, Hamidi-Esfahani Z. Evaluation of the effect of particle size, aeration rate and harvest time on the production of cellulase by Trichoderma reesei QM9414 using response surface methodology. Food Bioprod Process. 2010;88: 61–66. doi: 10.1016/j.fbp.2009.06.006.
Rodríguez Couto S, Sanroman M. Application of solid-state fermentation to ligninolytic enzyme production. Biochem Eng J. 2005;22:211–219. doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2004.09.013.
Shahbazi S, Ispareh Kh, Karimi M, Askari H, Ebrahimi MA. Gamma and UV radiation induced mutagenesis in Trichoderma reesei to enhance cellulases enzyme activity. Intl J Farm Alli Sci. 2014;3:543–554.
Shahid M, Anuradha S, Mukesh S, Smita R, Neelam P. Induction of Xylanase from Trichoderma viride by using Different carbon sources. Indian J Agric Biochem. 2012;25:163–166.
Shahid M, Mukesh S, Neelam P, Smita R, Srivastava AK. Evaluation of Antagonastic Activity and Shelf Life Study of Trichoderma viride (01PP-8315/11). Adv Life Sci. 2012;1:138–140.
Sharma S, Agarwal L, Saxena RK. Purification, Immobilization and Characterization of Tannase from Penicillium variable. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:2544–2551. 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.035.
Singhania RR, Patel AK, Soccol CR, Pandey A. Recent advances in solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J. 2009;44:13–8. doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.10.019.
Singhania RR, Sukumaran RK, Patel AK, Larroche C, Pandey A. Advancement and comparative profiles in the production technologies using solid-state and submerged fermentation for microbial cellulases. Enzyme Microbe Tech. 2010;46:541–549. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.03.010.
Vu VH, Pham TA, Kim K. Improvement of Fungal Cellulase Production by Mutation and Optimization of Solid State Fermentation. Mycobiology. 2011;39:20–25. doi: 10.4489/MYCO.2011.39.1.020.
Wen Z, Liao W, Chen S. Production of cellulase/b-glucosidase by the mixed fungi culture Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus phoenicis on dairy manure. Process Biochem. 2005;40:3087–3094. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.044.
Xia L, Cen P. Cellulase production by solid state fermentation on lignocellulosic waste from the xylose industry. Process Biochem. 1999;34:909–912. doi: 10.1016/S0032-9592(99)00015-1.
Yoon LW, Ang TN, Ngoh GCh, Chua AS. Fungal solid state fermentation and various methods of enhancement in cellulase production. Biomass Bioenergy. 2014;67:319–338. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.05.013.
- Abstract Viewed: 1411 times
- PDF Downloaded: 473 times