پیشگیری از سقوط و آسیبهای ناشی از آن در سالمندان ساکن منزل
ارتقای ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت ها,
دوره 2 شماره 3 (2014),
22 دی 2014
,
صفحه 161-172
https://doi.org/10.22037/meipm.v2i3.7733
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: سقوط و آسیبهای ناشی از آن، از مشکلات شایع سلامت سالمندان است که باعث ناتوانی و نقص عملکرد طولانی، افزایش مرگومیر و تحمیل هزینه به فرد و جامعه میشود. با افزایش تعداد سالمندان در کشورهای مختلف، سقوط و صدمات ناشی از آن نیز افزایش یافته است. با توجه به اختلافنظرهای متعدد در مورد اثربخشی انواع مداخلات در منابع مختلف، هدف این مقاله به روزرسانی شواهد مربوط به اثربخشی روشهای پیشگیری از سقوط در سالمندان ساکن منزل است.
روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مرور روایتی، مطالعات کارآزمایی و مروری انجام شده از سال 2000 تا پایان 2013، با واژههای کلیدیfalls, elderly وprevention یا مترادف آنها با استفاده از ترکیبگرهای AND و OR از منابع الکترونیک موجود مانند PubMed و Cochran استخراج گردید. اعتبار مقالات با استفاده از چکلیستهای consort و PRISMA بررسی شد و سپس اطلاعات مربوط به اثربخشی مداخلات از مطالعات معتبر استخراج شد.
یافتهها: مطالعات اثربخشی مداخلات پیشگیری از سقوط در دو گروه مداخلات تکعاملی و چندعاملی طبقهبندی میشوند. ورزش منظم گروهی و انفرادی، ارزیابی و تعدیل محیط منزل، مکمل درمانی کلسیم و ویتامین D، قطع داروهای روانگردان، جراحی کاتاراکت، استفاده از محافظهای مفصل ران یا محافظهای سایر نقاط بدن، گذاشتن پیسمیکر قلبی و برنامههای پیشگیری چند عاملی که همزمان بر روی چندین عامل خطر تمرکز میکنند از رایجترین مداخلات هستند.
نتیجهگیری: ورزش گروهی و انفرادی و ارزیابی و تعدیل عوامل خطر منزل در افراد با ریسک بالا، میزان و خطر سقوط را کاهش میدهد. جراحی کاتاراکت برای چشم اول، گذاشتن پیسمیکر و مداخلات چندعاملی، میزان سقوط و ورزش Tai chi خطر سقوط را کاهش میدهد. مصرف ویتامین D در افراد با کمبود ویتامین، محافظهای مفصل هیپ در افراد پرخطر و اصلاح کفشها در شرایط زمستانی بر کاهش سقوط اثر دارد. مداخلات آموزشی، قطع داروهای روانگردان، درمان مایعات و الکترولیتها، اصلاح دید با عینک و مداخلات روانشناسی اثربخش نبوده است.
- سقوط، سالمند، افتادن، زمین خوردن، مداخلۀ پیشگیری
ارجاع به مقاله
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