ارتقای ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت ها

چکیده

Background and Aims: Eighty five percent of accidents can be attributed to unsafe acts. Eighty five to ninety eight percent of workplace injuries caused by unsafe acts are due to attitude, behavior and culture. Safety climate is a multi-dimensional structure that describes the attitude and the correct priority of the people towards the safety at work. To assess safety climate, a valid and reliable tool is needed. The aim of this study was developing a psychometric questionnaire to assess safety climate in Iran.

Materials and Methods: Using safety literature and other safety climate questionnaire, a 96-item questionnaire was provided. Face validity, content validity ratio and index, construct validity, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were investigated on 550 industrial employees .After validity index survey 43 items questionnaire were obtained. Principal factors were extracted using exploratory factor analysis by Varimax rotation method. To check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson correlation coefficient was used.

Results: For the face validity, CVR(78.5%) and CVI(0.75) related to safety climate designed questionnaire to be acceptable, eleven factors were extracted that covered 58.85 percent of total variance. Cronbach's alpha for most factors more than 0.7 were calculated and Spearman coefficient showed significant correlation between test and retest results.

Conclusion: The Safety "Climate Assessment Questionnaire" which has been designed for 43 items and 11 factors has appropriate validity and reliability and can be used to assess the safety climate.

REFERENCES          

1.     Wiegmann DA, von Thaden TL, Gibbons AM. A review of safety culture theory and its potential application to traffic safety. Improving Traffic Safety Culture in the United States. 2007:113.

2.     Heinrich HW, Granniss E. Industrial accident prevention. New York: McGraw-Hill 1959.

3.     Dilley H, Kleiner BH. Creating a culture of safety. Work study. 1996;45(3):5-8.

4.     Zohar D. Safety climate in industrial organizations: theoretical and applied implications. J Appl Psychol. 1980;65(1):96-110.

5.     Cavazza N, Serpe A. Effects of safety climate on safety norm violations: exploring the mediating role of attitudinal ambivalence toward personal protective equipment. J Saf Res. 2009;40(4):277-83.

6.     Dedobbeleer N, Béland F. A safety climate measure for construction sites. J Saf Res. 1991;22(2):97-103.

7.     Cheyne A, Cox S, Oliver A, Tomás JM. Modelling safety climate in the prediction of levels of safety activity. Work & Stress. 1998;12(3):255-71.

8.     Mearns K, Whitaker S, Flin R, Gordon R, O’Connor P. Factoring the human into safety: Translating research into practice. Industrial Psychological Group. 2000:1-158.

9.     Vinodkumar M, Bhasi M. Safety climate factors and its relationship with accidents and personal attributes in the chemical industry. Saf Sci. 2009;47(5):659-67.

10.   Smith GS, Huang YH, Ho M, Chen PY. The relationship between safety climate and injury rates across industries: The need to adjust for injury hazards. Accid Anal & Prev. 2006;38(3):556-62.

11.   Griffin MA, Neal A. Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. J Occup Health Psychol. 2000;5(3):347-56.

12.   Cooper MD, Phillips RA. Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. J saf res. 2004;35(5):497-512.

13.   DeJoy DM, Schaffer BS, Wilson MG, Vandenberg RJ, Butts MM. Creating safer workplaces: assessing the determinants and role of safety climate. J Saf Res. 2004;35(1):81-90.

14.   Evans B, Glendon AI, Creed PA. Development and initial validation of an Aviation Safety Climate Scale. J Saf Res. 2007;38(6):675-82.

15.   Flin R, Mearns K, O'Connor P, Bryden R. Measuring safety climate: identifying the common features. Saf sci. 2000;34(1-3):177-92.

16.   Hahn SE, Murphy LR. A short scale for measuring safety climate. Saf Sci. 2008;46(7):1047-66.

17.   Johnson SE. The predictive validity of safety climate. J Saf Res. 2007;38(5):511-21.

18.   Kudo Y, Satoh T, Kido S, Watanabe M, Miki T, Miajima E, et al. A pilot study testing the dimensions of safety climate among Japanese nurses. Ind Health. 2008;46(2):158-65.

19.   Ma Q, Yuan J. Exploratory study on safety climate in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Saf Sci. 2009;47(7):1043-60.

20.   Ali TH. Influence of national culture on construction safety climate in Pakistan: Griffith University; 2006.

21.   Johnson RA, Wichern DW. Applied multivariate statistical analysis: Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, NJ; 2002.

22.   Hosseini Nodeh Z, Hosseini M, Yaghmaei F, Alavi Majd H, Jabbari M. Correlation between population characteristics and safety attitude to work of women workers in food factories. Journal of Health Promotion Management. 2012;1(3):64-72..

23.   Hassanzadeh Rangi N, Allahyari T, Khosravi Y, Zaeri F, Saremi M. Development of an Occupational Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (OCFQ): Evaluation validity and reliability. Iran Occupational Health Journal. 2012;9(1):29-40.

24.   Vakili MM, Hidarnia AR, Niknami S. Development and Psychometrics of an Interpersonal Communication Skills Scale (ASMA) among Zanjan Health Volunteers. Hayat. 2012;18(1):5-19.

25.   Owens ML. The Effect of Safety Climate, Teamwork, and Sustainable Motivation on Nurse Job Satisfaction and Intent to Stay. 2012.

26.   Neal A, Griffin MA, Hart PM. The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Saf sci. 2000;34(1-3):99-109.

27.   Jones AP, James LR. Psychological climate: Dimensions and relationships of individual and aggregated work environment perceptions. Organ Behav Hum Perform. 1979;23(2):201-50.

28.   Lin SH, Tang WJ, Miao JY, Wang ZM, Wang PX. Safety climate measurement at workplace in China: A validity and reliability assessment. Saf Sci. 2008;46(7):1037-46.

29.   Arghami s, heidari m, farshad A. Relationship survey between safety climate and safe behavior in workers of industrial production in Arak. Journal of the Iranian health. 2007:1-8.

30.   Lu CS, Tsai CL. The effects of safety climate on vessel accidents in the container shipping context. Accid Anal & Prev. 2008;40(2):594-601.