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  3. Vol. 4 No. 11 (1391): فصلنامه تاریخ پزشکی- سال 4، شماره 11، تابستان 1391
  4. Review Article

Vol. 4 No. 11 (1391)

July 2013

Decline of Metaphysic of Soul and Rise of the Ontology of Body; Philosophical Foundations Adverted to the Body for Merleau-Ponty

  • Bita Naghashian

Tārīkh-i pizishkī i.e., Medical History, Vol. 4 No. 11 (1391), 13 July 2013 , Page 73-96
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v4i11.4229 Published: 2013-03-18

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Abstract

Dualism and segregation of body and soul was an important convention set forth for the first time by Plato, developed by Christianity, soared with a comprehensive and absolute philosophical originality by Descartes, changed into a precise and logical strong rampart by Kant, and became a metaphysic phenomenon above the world and the history of the world with Hegel. Throughout this process, human was considered as a spiritual teleos. In modern days, a tendency to value body more than soul has appeared. Attention to the totality of the body was a concept in the phenomenological philosophical system of the conception introduced by Maurice Merleau-Ponty and was explained fantastically. Merleau-Ponty aims to study the identity of body and mind, and of body and perception. Mind may not be laid in a milieu of understanding once independent from body. For him, we are body-based documentations and body is the existence of human in the world and human approach to the world is our anchorage in the world and our medium for having a world, and this is not the world itself that should be considered as the origin. In his opinion, we can never imagine ourselves without any body and perception. We are our perceptive-bodily orientation I the world, and mind or consciousness is emitted from this perceptive-bodily orientation. This way, Merleau-Ponty, based on the relation to life and lived experience and building on the foundation of attention to minor affairs, in a transition from phenomenology to anthropology, has provided some theoretical and philosophical-logical foundations for the advert to the human body as an essential aspect of Being-In-The-World. Through such a concept, he has founded obvious grounds and logical principals for the studies and arguments in the new critical anthropological knowledge and the anthropology of body, medical sociology, medical history, medical philosophy, and every field of study related to human body.

Keywords:
  • anthropology of body, Being-In-The-World, history of body, human, metaphysic of soul
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How to Cite

Naghashian, B. . (2013). Decline of Metaphysic of Soul and Rise of the Ontology of Body; Philosophical Foundations Adverted to the Body for Merleau-Ponty. Tārīkh-I Pizishkī i.E., Medical History, 4(11), 73–96. https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v4i11.4229
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