Scrutinizing the Poems of the Sixth Century (AH) Poets in the Area of the Herbal Medicines; Poppy
Tārīkh-i pizishkī i.e., Medical History,
Vol. 14 No. 47 (1401),
23 July 2022
,
Page 1-12
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v4i13.37955
Abstract
Background and Aim: The sixth century poems are usually considered as "technical poems". The poets of this era put aside simplicity and fluency of the poetry of the previous periods and used similes and metaphors in poetry to describe scientific information of that era such as astronomy, mysticism, music, medicine and especially herbal medicines, in a manner that one cannot comprehend the meaning and concept of poetry without having knowledge of these sciences. Medical information and common healing properties of plants have a wide reflection in poetry of this period. One of these medicinal herbs (herbal medicines) is poppy, whose active ingredients have been known to people and used by them through centuries under different names such as poppy, coke, opium and... The poets of this era attempted to create themes for medicinal and sleep inducing characteristics of the extract of this plant and used its taste, color and properties as the bases of advice, lyric, praise and mysticism.
Methods: The present library based research study is undertaken to utilize descriptive and analytical approaches to extract medicinal reflections of opium from Khaghani, Sanai, Anvri and Khamsa Nizami divans, and then make an exploratory and investigative analysis based on the therapeutic properties listed in scientific articles, authentic traditional medicine books as well as books on modern medicinal plants.
Ethical Considerations: In this research, the ethical aspects of library study, including the authenticity of texts, honesty and trustworthiness, have been observed.
Results: The sedative, hypnotic and antidote medicinal properties of poppy correspond to its current usage.
Conclusion: Opium was used therapeutically in the 6th century and was obtained from two plants of "poppy" and "wild lettuce". Poppy opium was referred to as "poppy" and lettuce opium was called "koke". Nowadays, there is not any "koke" opium, but wild lettuce is still used as a hypnotic agent in traditional medicine and herbal medicine books confirm its hypnotic properties.
Please cite this article as:
Mesbah M, Poordargahi E, Farzi HR, Pasbaneslam B. Scrutinizing the Poems of the Sixth Century (AH) Poets in the Area of the Herbal Medicines; Poppy. Tārīkh-i pizishkī, i.e., Medical History. 2022; 14(47): e28.
- Persian Poetry; Popy; Koke; Opium; Herbal Medicines
How to Cite
References
Nezami-e Aroozi A. Chahar Maqaleh. Describted by Moi'n M. 9th ed. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication; 1987. p.47. [Persian]
Shadigoo SH. Review and Analysis of Medicinal Plants From The Perspective of Khaghani. Saadi and Ibn Sina. Medical History Journal. 2020; 12(43): 16-32. [Persian]
Zanjani B, Asaadi M. Manifestation of Medicine in Ancient Literature. Journal of Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences University of Tehran. 2002; 4&5: 117-136. [Persian]
Zargari A. Medicinal Plants. 7th ed. Tehran: Tehran University Publications; 1997. p.121-123. [Persian]
Sanai M. Sanai’s Diwan. Descripted by Modarres-e Razavi MT. 7th ed. Tehran: Sanai Publishing; 2010. p.191, 221, 341, 355, 539, 852. [Persian]
Boromand-e Saeed J. Opium in Wine. Chista. 1987; 43: 259-263. [Persian]
Anooshe H. An Encyclopedia of Persian Literature. Described by Anooshe H. 2nd ed. Tehran: Printing and Publishing Organization of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance; 2002. p.113. [Persian]
Poordavood E. Hormazd Nameh. Tehran: Iranshenasi-Center; 1953. p.12-16, 107-109. [Persian]
Sadegi M. Opium. Online. Available at: ttps://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/article/224217. Updated September 29, 2019.
Rudaki AJ. Rudaki’s Diwan. Descripted by Nafisi S. Tehran: Negah Publishing; 1998. [Persian]
Khosrow Qubadiyani N. Nasir Khosrow’s Diwan. Tehran: Tehran the Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Tehran Branch; 1978. [Persian]
Nooryan M, Toghyani I. Reflection of the phenomenon of addiction in Saeb's poetry. Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan. 2005; 2(41): 167-184. [Persian]
Barzgar-e Khalegi M. Description Khaghani’s Diwan. Tehran: Zavar Publishing; 2019. [Persian]
Attar F. Attar’s Diwan. Descripted by Tafazoli T. Tehran: Elmi Farhangi Publishing; 1989. [Persian]
Khaghani A. Khaghani’s Diwan. Descripted by Sajjadi Z. 12th ed. Tehran: Zavar Publishing; 2020. p.216, 332, 373, 380, 382, 513, 521, 720, 794. [Persian]
Aghili Alavi Khorasani M. Makhzan al-Advieh. Tehran: Enghelab-e Eslami Publishing and Educational Organization; 1992. p.154-155. [Persian]
Kazazi M. Khaqani's difficulties Report. 6th ed. Tehran: Central Publishing; 2010. p.744. [Persian]
Abu Rayhan-e Biruni A. Al-Saydanat fi al-Tebb. Translated by Mozaffarzadeh B. Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature Publishing; 2004. p.253. [Persian]
Nezami E. Khosrow and Shirin. Descripted by Dastjerdi V. 17th ed. Tehran: Ghatreh Publishing; 2018. p.120, 351, 436. [Persian]
Moeini M, Kolahdouzan A. Medical Effects of the Moon Based on Persian Poetry from the 6th to 8th Centuries Concentrating on Azarbaijani Style and New Researches. Medical History Journal. 2019; 10(37): 59-73. [Persian]
Heravi A. Al-Abniye an Haghayegh al-Advieh. Corrected by Bahmanyar A. Tehran: Tehran University; 1967.
Dehkhoda AA. Dehkhoda Dictionary: Dehkhoda Lexicon Institute and International Center for Persian Studies. Online. Available at: https://www.dehkhoda. ut.ac.ir/fa/dictionary/187249. Updated July 30, 1998. Accessed October 30, 2021.
Jorjani S. Zakhire Kharazmshahi. Tehran: Academy of Medical Sciences Publishing; 2004.
Anvari O. Anvari’s Diwan. Descripted by Nafisi S. 2nd ed. Tehran: Negah Publishing; 2016. p.40-42, 130, 203, 436, 577. [Persian]
Sozani M. Sozani’s Diwan. Descripted by Shah Hosseini NA. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication; 1960. p.37, 222. [Persian]
Zargari A. Medicinal Plants. 6th ed. Tehran: Tehran University Publications; 1996.
Shafiei Kadkani M. Tazyanehaye Solook. 11th ed. Tehran: Agah Publishing; 2012.
Ansari Shirazi A. Ekhtiyarate Badi'i. Descripted by Mir MT. Tehran: Razi Distribution Pharmaceutical Company; 1992.
Nezami E. Nezami's Makhzan al-Asrar. Descripted by Dastjerdi V. 20th ed. Tehran Gaterh Publishing; 2020.
- Abstract Viewed: 402 times
- PDF (فارسی) Downloaded: 148 times