إغماء مقارنة فقهی ـ پزشکی مفهوم إغماء
مجله علمی - پژوهشی فقه پزشکی,
دوره 16 شماره 46 (1403),
18 May 2024
,
صفحه 1-22
https://doi.org/10.22037/mfj.v16i46.44051
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: إغماء در گذشته غالباً یک بیماری و در برخی موارد آنرا زوال عقل در اثر یک بیماری میدانستند و بر این اساس حقوق بیماران تبیین میشد. چنین مفهوم کلیاي امروزه دیگر مصداق نداشته و مفهوم هوشیاری طیف مختلفی از حالتهای فقدان هوشیاری تعریف و علل و مختصات هر کدام تبیین شده است. پژوهش حاضر ضمن توجه به نگاه و ادله فقیهان و با مراجعه به متون تخصصی علوم مغز و اعصاب، با هدف تبیین مفهوم فقدان هوشیاری و انواع مختلف از دست دادن هوشیاری و لزوم بازنگری در فقه اسلامی در حوزه حقوق این بیماران انجام شده است.
مواد و روشها: پژوهش حاضر مطالعهای میان رشتهای و براساس هدف، از نوع بنیادی نظری ميباشد. این تحقیق توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و براساس دادههای طب سنتی، فقه اسلامی و علوم مغز و اعصاب است. گردآوری دادهها به طریق کتابخانهای بوده و تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها به طریق کیفی انجام پذیرفته است.
نتیجهگیری: در پژوهش حاضر ضمن تبیین دیدگاه فقهای مذاهب اسلامی و علوم جدید مغز و اعصاب، این نتیجه حاصل شد که فقها غالباً إغماء را یک بیماری و برخی آنرا زوال عقل در اثر یک بیماری میدانستند. این دو رویکرد در حقیقت یکی است؛ زیرا گروه اول نیز إغماء را معلول عوامل مختلفی میدانند؛ لذا در هر دو حالت إغماء یک بیماری مستقل نیست. این رویکرد فقیهان بسیار کلی است، امری که امروزه دیگر وجود ندارد، چه امروزه مفهوم هوشیاری را تعریف و حالتهای مختلف از دست رفتن هوشیاری و علل آن تا حد زیادی تبیین و مقیاسبندی شده و روشهای درمانی نیز در موارد مختلفی کشف شده است و حتی چنانکه میدانیم در دانش امروزی هوشبری درمواقع نیاز چون اعمال جراحی به راحتی انجام میپذیرد، بر این اساس لازم است فقها و دانشمندان احکام خاص این حوزه را حسب واقعیتهای موجود و علم پزشکی و جهت احقاق حقوق این بیماران بازتعریف کنند.
- اغماء، دانش پزشکی، فقه اسلامی
ارجاع به مقاله
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