حکم فقهی سلب حیات از جنینهای آزمایشگاهی
مجله علمی - پژوهشی فقه پزشکی,
دوره 11 شماره 39-38 (1398),
28 January 2020
,
صفحه 81-95
https://doi.org/10.22037/mfj.v11i39-38.26146
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: جنینی که به شیوه معمول به وجود میآید، مشمول احکامی نظیر حرمت سقط است. فقیهان اتفاق نظر دارند که سقط جنین جرم محسوب میشود و بسته به مدتی که نطفه (زیگوت) وارد رحم مادر گشته و مراحل طی شده، مجرم باید دیه بپردازد. این پژوهش بر آن است که امکان سرایت احکام مربوط به سقط جنین طبیعی بر جنینی که در لولههای آزمایشگاهی تولیدشده را بر اساس منابع و مستندات فقهی مورد بررسی قرار دهد.
مواد و روشها: مقاله حاضر به روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از دادههای کتابخانهای اعم از حقیقی و سایبری، به نگارش درآمده، بدینترتیب که ابتدا کلیه دلایلی که در منابع فقهی امامیه در زمینه سقط جنین قابل استناد بوده، طرح و آنگاه به روش تحلیلی سعی شده تا امکان سرایت احکام سقط جنین طبیعی به سقط جنین آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. در این راستا چون مهمترین مستند احکام مزبور، روایاتی هستند که حرمت سقط جنین را بیان میکنند، این روایات مورد مداقه قرار گرفته و با بررسی واژه جنین در آنها و همچنین طریقیت یا موضوعیتداشتن نحوه شکلگیری آن، امکان شمول روایات نسبت به جنینهای آزمایشگاهی سنجیده میشود.
نتیجهگیری: بررسیهای صورتگرفته بیانگر آن است که میان فقیهان در زمینه سلب حیات جنینهای تولیدشده از راه لقاح غیر طبیعی، دو نظریه جواز و عدم جواز مطرح شده که از نقد و بررسی مستندات دو نظریه چنین برمیآید که دلایل قول به عدم جواز سلب حیات، از اتقان و استحکام بیشتری برخوردار است. بنابراین در حکم سلب حیات فرقی میان جنین آزمایشگاهی و طبیعی وجود ندارد و همانطور که سقط جنینهای تشکیلشده به صورت طبیعی، جایز نیست، انعدام جنینهای آزمایشگاهی نیز دارای همین حکم بوده، مگر آنگه در موارد خاص عناوین ثانوی به نحو دیگری اقتضا نماید.
- جنین؛ جنین آزمایشگاهی؛ حیات؛ سقط جنین
ارجاع به مقاله
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