Effect of a Synthetized Herbal Remineralizing Paste on Enamel Microhardness
Journal of Dental School,
Vol. 42 No. 1 (2024),
2 June 2024
,
Page 38-44
https://doi.org/10.22037/jds.v42i1.44384
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to synthesize an herbal remineralizing paste containing the extracts of Miswak, licorice, aloe vera, propolis, and honey and compare its effect with 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on demineralized enamel microhardness.
Methods This experimental study was conducted on 72 extracted sound premolars. After obtaining the extracts and synthesis of the herbal paste, the baseline microhardness was measured, and the samples underwent a 14-day pH cycling. Next, the teeth were randomly assigned to six groups (N=12) for application of (I) 5% NaF for one minute, (II) 1.23% APF for one minute, (III) herbal paste for one minute, (IV) herbal paste for five minutes, (V) herbal paste for 15 minutes, and (VI) herbal paste for six hours. The microhardness was measured again. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (alpha=0.05).
Results The mean final microhardness was significantly higher than the primary microhardness in all groups (P<0.05). The highest microhardness was noted in group IV, followed by II, VI, I, V and III. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference between the final microhardness of study groups (P=0.97).
Conclusion The effect of synthesized herbal paste on demineralized enamel microhardness was comparable to that of 5% NaF and 1.23% APF. Due to the lack of a significant difference in duration of application, this paste may be applied for one minute to benefit from its remineralizing effects.
- Microhardness
- Tooth remineralization
- Herbal, Medicinal
How to Cite
References
Pradeep K, Rao P. Remineralizing agents in the non-invasive treatment of early carious lesions. Int J Dent Case Rep. 2011;1:73-84.
Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bull WHO. 2005;83:661-9.
Sheiham A. Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. Br Dent J. 2006;201(10):625-6.
Pitts NB. Clinical diagnosis of dental caries: a European perspective. J Dent Educ. 2001;65(10):972-8.
Zero, D.T. Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategies. BMC Oral Health. 2006; 6 (Suppl 1): S9.
Shellis RP, Featherstone JD, Lussi A. Understanding the chemistry of dental erosion. Monogr Oral Sci. 2014:25:163-79.
Silverstone LM, Hicks MJ, Featherstone MJ. Dynamic factors affecting lesion initiation and progression in human dental enamel. II. Surface morphology of sound enamel and carieslike lesions of enamel. Quintessence Int. 1988;19(11):773-85.
Mount GJ, Hume WR, Ngo HC, Wolff MS, editors. Preservation and restoration of tooth structure. John Wiley & Sons; 2016. . Chap:1; p: 12.
Craig RG. Craig’s restorative dental materials. Mechanical Properties United States: Mosby. 2006:51-96.
Pd M, Nyvad B. The oral microflora and biofilm on teeth. Fejerskov O, Kidd EAM. Dental Caries: The disease and its clinical management. Oxford. 2003:29-48.
Ten Cate JM. In vitro studies on the effects of fluoride on de-and remineralization. J Dent Res. 1990: 69 Spec No: 614-9; discussion 634-6.
Arifa MK, Ephraim R, Rajamani T. Recent advances in dental hard tissue remineralization: a review of literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;12(2):139-44.
Soi S, Vinayak V, Singhal A, Roy S. Fluorides and their role in demineralization and remineralization. J Dent Sci Oral Rehabil. 2013;14:19-21.
White JM, Eakle WS. Rationale and treatment approach in minimally invasive dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;131:S13-9.
Ullah R, Zafar MS, Shahani N. Potential fluoride toxicity from oral medicaments: A review. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2017;20(8):841-8.
Elvin-Lewis M. The therapeutic potential of plants used in dental folk medicine. Odontostomatol Trop. 1982;5(3):107-17.
Tubaishat R, Darby M, Bauman D, Box C. Use of miswak versus toothbrushes: oral health beliefs and behaviours among a sample of Jordanian adults. Int J Dent Hyg. 2005; 3(3):126-36.
Almas K, al-Lafi TR. The natural toothbrush. World Health Forum. 1995;16(2):206-10.
Wassel MO, Sherief DI. Ion release and enamel remineralizing potential of miswak, propolis and chitosan nano-particles based dental varnishes. Pediatric Dent J. 2019;29(1):1-10.
Ikeno K, Ikeno T, Miyazawa C. Effects of propolis on dental caries in rats. Caries Res. 1991;25(5):347-51.
González-Martín MI, Escuredo O, Revilla I, Vivar-Quintana AM, Coello MC, Riocerezo CP, et al. Determination of the mineral composition and toxic element contents of propolis by near infrared spectroscopy. Sensors (Basel). 2015;15(11):27854-68.
Hayacibara MF, Koo H, Rosalen PL, Duarte S, Franco EM, Bowen WH, Ikegaki M, Cury JA. In vitro and in vivo effects of isolated fractions of Brazilian propolis on caries development. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;101(1-3):110-5.
Ali S, Farooq I, Bugshan A, Siddiqui IA, Al-Khalifa KS, Al-Hariri M. Efficacy of propolis in remineralising artificially induced demineralisation of human enamel-An in-vitro study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020;16(2):283-7.
Messier C, Epifano F, Genovese S, Grenier D. Licorice and its potential beneficial effects in common oro‐dental diseases. Oral Dis. 2012;18(1):32-9.
Sela M, Steinberg D, Segal R. Inhibition of the activity of glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans by glycyrrhizin. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1987;2(3):125-8.
Gedalia I, Stabholtz A, Lavie A, Shapira L, Pisanti S, Segal R. The effect of glycyrrhizin on in vitro fluoride uptake by tooth enamel and subsequent demineralization. Clin Prev Dent. 1986;8(2):5-9.
Lagerlöf F, Dawes C. Effect of sucrose as a gustatory stimulus on the flow rates of parotid and whole saliva. Caries Res. 1985;19(3):206-11.
Lilienthal B. An analysis of the buffer systems in saliva. J Dent Res. 1955;34(4):516-30.
Vogler B, Ernst E. Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness. Br J Gen Pract. 1999;49(447):823-8.
Al Haddad T, Khoury E, Mchayleh NF. Comparison of the Remineralizing Effect of Brushing with Aloe vera versus Fluoride Toothpaste. Eur J Dent. 2021;15(1):133-8.
Grindlay D, Reynolds T. The Aloe vera phenomenon: a review of the properties and modern uses of the leaf parenchyma gel. J Ethnopharmacol. 1986;16(2-3):117-51.
Silva TMD, Fonseca BMD, Sales ALLS, Holleben P, Valera MC, AraÚjo MAMD. Effects of fluoride and Aloe vera tooh gel in artificial white spot lesions in vitro. Rev Gaúch. Odontol. 2016;64(1):56-61.
Esfahani KS, Mazaheri R, Pishevar L. Effects of treatment with various remineralizing agents on the microhardness of demineralized enamel surface. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015;9(4):239-45.
Somasundaram P, Vimala N, Mandke LG. Protective potential of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate containing paste on enamel surfaces. J Conserv Dent. 2013;16(2):152-6.
Khamverdi Z, Kordestani M, Panahandeh N, Naderi F, Kasraei S. Influence of CO2 Laser Irradiation and CPPACP Paste Application on Demineralized Enamel Microhardness. J Lasers Med Sci. 2018;9(2):144-8.
Tahmasbi S, Mousavi S, Behroozibakhsh M, Badiee M. Prevention of white spot lesions using three remineralizing agents: an in vitro comparative study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2019;13(1):36-42.
Manchery N, John J, Nagappan N, Subbiah GK, Premnath P. Remineralization potential of dentifrice containing nanohydroxyapatite on artificial carious lesions of enamel: A comparative in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2019;16(5):310-7.
Arends J, Ten Bosch J. Demineralization and remineralization evaluation techniques. J Dent Res. 1992:71 Spec No:924-8.
Dhillon SN, Deshpande AN, Macwan C, Patel KS, Shah YS, Jain AA. Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness and Enamel Solubility of Treated Surface Enamel with Resin Infiltrant, Fluoride Varnish, and Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;13(Suppl 1):S14-25.
Grewal N, Sharma N, Kaur N. Surface remineralization potential of nano-hydroxyapatite, sodium monofluorophosphate, and amine fluoride containing dentifrices on primary and permanent enamel surfaces: An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2018; 36(2):158-166.
Ahmed H. Craig's restorative dental materials. Br Dent J. 2019;226(1):9
Lata S, Varghese NO, Varughese JM. Remineralization potential of fluoride and amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phospho peptide on enamel lesions: An in vitro comparative evaluation. J Conserv Dent. 2010;13(1):42-6.
Lee Y, Baek H, Choi Y, Jeong S, Park Y, Song K. Comparison of remineralization effect of three topical fluoride regimens on enamel initial carious lesions. J Dent. 2010; 38(2):166-71.
Zhang L, Zou L, Li J, Hao Y, Xiao L, Zhou X, et al. Effect of enamel organic matrix on the potential of Galla chinensis to promote the remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions in vitro. Biomed Mater. 2009;4(3):034102.
Ranjana BS, Chowdhary N, Kiran N, Chaitan S, Reddy VR, Prabahar T. Remineralization efficacy of nonfluoride versus herbal-based pediatric dentifrice in demineralized primary teeth. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021;39(1):67-73.
Gocmen GB, Yanikoglu F, Tagtekin D, Stookey GK, Schemehorn BR, Hayran O. Effectiveness of some herbals on initial enamel caries lesion. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2016;10(6):846-50.
Basiony YH, A ElAziz RH, Riad MI. Evaluation of remineralization potential of preventive regimen containing herbal-based compared to fluoride-based toothpastes in high caries risk patients with initial carious lesions: a randomized clinical trial. J. Adv. Dent. 2023;5(4):973-83.
Bader JD, Shugars DA. A systematic review of the performance of a laser fluorescence device for detecting caries. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(10):1413-26.
Asgartooran B, Shokripour M, Ayubi E, Abdol A, Alibakhshi Z. Comparison of the remineralization effect
of nano herbal toothpaste with two kinds of toothpaste containing fluoride and bioactive glass on primary enamel lesions: an in vitro study.Avicenna J Dent Res. 2023; 15(4):156-62.
Gazi MI, Davies TJ, al-Bagieh N, Cox SW. The immediate‐and medium‐term effects of meswak on the composition of mixed saliva. J Clin Periodontol. 1992;19(2):113-7.
Char D, Dogao A, Dogan M. SEM, XRF, and EMPA evaluation of Middle Eastern toothbrush “Salvadora persica”. J Electron Microsc Technol. 1987;5:145.
Edgar WM. Reduction in enamel dissolution by liquorice and glycyrrhizinic acid. J Dent Res. 1978;57(1):59-64.
Celik ZC, Yavlal GO, Yanıkoglu F, Kargul B, Tagtekin D, Stookey GK, et al. Do ginger extract, natural honey and bitter chocolate remineralize enamel surface as fluoride toothpastes? an in-vitro Study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2021;24(9):1283-8.
Grobler SR, du Toit IJ, Basson NJ. The effect of honey on human tooth enamel in vitro observed by electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39(2):147-53.
Haro A, López-Aliaga I, Lisbona F, Barrionuevo M, Alférez MJ, Campos MS. Beneficial effect of pollen and/or propolis on the metabolism of iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in rats with nutritional ferropenic anemia. J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48(11):5715-22.
Aprillia I, Ricardo S, Setiadi KE. Preventing enamel demineralization using propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride varnishes: a comparison. Journal of Indonesian Dental Association. 2021;4(1):15-20.
- Abstract Viewed: 150 times
- PDF Downloaded: 111 times