Comparing the Effect of Green Tea and Peppermint Mouthwashes on Halitosis: A Cross-over randomized Single-blind Clinical Trial
Journal of Dental School,
Vol. 41 No. 2 (2023),
21 January 2024
,
Page 55-61
https://doi.org/10.22037/jds.v41i2.43509
Abstract
Introduction: Herbal remedies can have a preventive role in malodor. This study aimed to investigate the clinical effect of green tea and peppermint on halitosis.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. Eighty-eight volunteers with an average organoleptic score of ≥2 were enrolled. The volunteers underwent two one-week phases of treatment with green tea or peppermint mouthwashes separated by a washout period of one week. Main outcomes included the objective and subjective assessment of eventual changes in malodor. Organoleptic assessment was used as objective measure and self-perception of mouthwashes taste and smell as subjective one.
Results: The decrease in halitosis severity was significant in green tea or peppermint mouthwashes (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the decrease in organoleptic level (P=0.72). There was no significant difference between both mouthwashes regarding self-assessed satisfaction (P=0.78).
Conclusion: Both mouthwashes were useful in managing halitosis. Hence, considering the taste of individuals, each of them can be prescribed to halitosis treatment.
- Green tea
- Halitosis
- Malodor
- Mouthwash
- Peppermint
How to Cite
References
Wu J, Cannon RD, Ji P, Farella M, Mei L. Halitosis: prevalence, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment - a review of the literature. Aust Dent J. 2020;65(1):4-11.
Wang J, He L. Comparison of the psychological condition of chinese patients with or without halitosis Complaints. Chin J Dent Res. 2018;21(1):69-76.
Ciarcia ACCDM, Gonçalves MLL, Horliana ACRT, Horliana ACRT, Suguimoto ESA, Araujo L, et al. Action of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red leds in microorganisms related to halitose: Controlled and randomized clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(1):e13939.
Cortelli JR, Barbosa MD, Westphal MA. Halitosis: a review of associated factors and therapeutic approach. Braz Oral Res. 2008;22(Suppl 1):44-54.
Martellacci L, Quaranta G, Fancello G, D'Addona A, Sanguinetti M, Patini R, et al. Characterizing peri-implant and sub-gingival microbiota through gulturomics. first isolation of some species in the oral cavity. a pilot study. Pathogens. 2020;9(5):365.
Patini R. Oral Microbiota: Discovering and facing the new associations with systemic diseases. Pathogens. 2020;9(4):313.
Pippi R, Pietrantoni A, Patini R, Santoro M. Is telephone follow-up really effective in early diagnosis of inflammatory complications after tooth extraction? Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2018;23(6):e707-e15.
Kumbargere Nagraj S, Eachempati P, Uma E, Singh VP, Ismail NM, Varghese E. Interventions for managing halitosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;12(12):CD012213.
James P, Worthington HV, Parnell C, Harding M, Lamont T, Cheung A, et al. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3(3):CD008676.
Akkaoui S, Ennibi OK. Use of traditional plants in management of halitosis in a moroccan population. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2017;6(3):267-73.
Chandra Shekar BR, Nagarajappa R, Suma S, Thakur R. Herbal extracts in oral health care - a review of the current scenario and its future needs. Pharmacogn Rev. 2015;9(18):87-92.
Cortelli JR, Thénoux RELS. The effect of mouthrinses against oral microorganisms. Braz. Oral Res. 2007;21(1):23-8.
Shayanfar J, Ghasemi H, Esmaili SS, Alijaniha F, Davati A. Useful medicinal plants for vision impairment in traditional iranian medicine. Galen Med J. 2019;8:1285.
Li Y, Jiang X, Hao J, Zhang Y, Huang R. Tea polyphenols: application in the control of oral microorganism infectious diseases. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;102:74-82.
Venkateswara B, Sirisha K, Chava VK. Green tea extract for periodontal health. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15(1):18-22.
Okamoto M, Sugimoto A, Leung KP, Nakayama K, Kamaguchi A, Maeda N. Inhibitory effect of green tea catechins on cysteine proteinases in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2004;19:118-120.
Lodhia P, Yaegaki K, Khakbaznejad A, Imai T, Sato T, Tanaka T, et al. Effect of green tea on volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2008;54(1):89-94.
Narotzki B, Reznick AZ, Aizenbud D, Levy Y. Green tea: a promising natural product in oral health. Arch Oral Biol. 2012;57(5):429-35.
Saric S, Notay M, Sivamani RK. Green tea and other tea polyphenols: effects on sebum production and acne vulgaris. Antioxidants (Basel). 2017;6(1):2.
Mahendran G, Rahman LU. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on peppermint (mentha × piperita L.)-a review. Phytother Res. 2020;34(9):2088-139.
Herro E, Jacob SE. Mentha piperita (peppermint). Dermatitis. 2010;21(6):327-9.
Taheri JB, Azimi S, Rafieian N, Zanjani HA. Herbs in dentistry. Int Dent J. 2011;61(6):287-96.
Jamali Z, Alipour M, Ebrahimi S, Aghazadeh M. Effect of halita mouthwash on oral halitosis treatment: a randomized triple-blind clinical trial. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2019;13(1):31-5.
Schmidt J, Krause F, Haak R. Halitosis: measurement in daily practice. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(7):633-41.
Greenman J, Duffield J, Spencer P, Rosenberg M, Corry D, Saad S, et al. Study on the organoleptic intensity scale for measuring oral malodor. J Dent Res. 2004;83(1):81-5.
Hammad MM, Darwazeh AM, Al-Waeli H, Tarakji B, Alhadithy TT. Prevalence and awareness of halitosis in a sample of jordanian population. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014;4(Suppl 3):S178-S86.
Nakano M, Shimizu E, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Abe F. A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess effects of the single ingestion of a tablet containing lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and glucose oxidase on oral malodor. BMC Oral Health. 2016;16:37.?
Ben Lagha A, Vaillancourt K, Maquera Huacho P, Grenier D. Effects of labrador tea, peppermint, and winter savory essential oils on fusobacterium nucleatum. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(11):794.
Xia X, Lin Z, Shao K, Wang X, Xu J, Zhai H, et al. Combination of white tea and peppermint demonstrated synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. J Sci Food Agric. 2021;101(6):2500-10.
Dagli N, Dagli R, Mahmoud RS, Baroudi K. Essential oils, their therapeutic properties, and implication in dentistry: a review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(5):335-40.
Wińska K, Mączka W, Łyczko J, Grabarczyk M, Czubaszek A, Szumny A. Essential oils as antimicrobial agents-Myth or real alternative? Molecules. 2019;24(11):2130.
Xiao S, Cui P, Shi W, Zhang Y. Identification of essential oils with activity against stationary phase staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20:99.
Ayari S, Shankar S, Follett P, Hossain F, Lacroix M. Potential synergistic antimicrobial efficiency of binary combinations of essential oils against bacillus cereus and paenibacillus amylolyticus-part a. Microb Pathog. 2020;141:104008.
Haghgoo R, Abbasi F. Evaluation of the use of a peppermint mouth rinse for halitosis by girls studying in tehran high schools. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2013;3(1):29-31.
Farina VH, Lima AP, Balducci I, Brandão AA. Effects of the medicinal plants curcuma zedoaria and camellia sinensis on halitosis control. Braz Oral Res. 2012;26(6):523-9.
Moghbel A, Farjzadeh A, Aghel N, Agheli H, Raisi N. Evaluation of the effect of green tea extract on mouth bacterial activity in the presence of propylene glycol. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2012;7(2):56-60.
Sterer N, Ovadia O, Weiss EI, Perez Davidi M. Day-long reduction of oral malodor by a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing herbal formulation. J Breath Res. 2013;7(2):026004.
Rassameemasmaung S, Phusudsawang P, Sangalungkarn V. Effect of green tea mouthwash on oral malodor. ISRN Prev Med. 2012;2013:975148.
Hur MH, Park J, Maddock‐Jennings W, Kim DO, Lee MS. Reduction of mouth malodour and volatile sulphur compounds in intensive care patients using an essential oil mouthwash. Phytother Res.. 2007;21(7):641-3.
Aylıkcı BU, Colak H. Halitosis: from diagnosis to management. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2013;4(1):14-23.
Choo A, Delac DM, Messer LB. Oral hygiene measures and promotion: review and considerations. Aust Dent J. 2001;46 (3):166-73.
- Abstract Viewed: 74 times
- PDF Downloaded: 7 times