Effect of Powder/Liquid Ratio on Fluoride Release of Glass Ionomers
Journal of Dental School,
Vol. 33 No. 1 (2015),
7 March 2015
,
Page 98-105
https://doi.org/10.22037/jds.v33i1.24761
Abstract
Objective: Evidence shows that the powder/liquid mixing ratio recommended by the manufacturers is often not respected when mixing the glass ionomer (GI) powder and liquid, yielding a GI cement with disproportionate powder/liquid ratio. Considering the confirmed effect of powder/liquid ratio on the GI properties, and more importantly, its fluoride release potential, this study aimed to assess the effect of powder/liquid ratio on fluoride release of GI cements.
Methods: Fuji II, Fuji II LC Improved and Fuji IX GI cements were used in this experimental study. Of each material, three groups with powder 20% less than recommended, the exact recommended ratio and powder 20% more than recommended, were prepared. To assess the fluoride release potential, 45 disc-shaped specimens measuring 2×4mm were prepared (5 per each group). After fabrication, the specimens were immersed in 5 mL of distilled water. The amount of fluoride released into distilled water was measured at days 1 to 7, and also at 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30, 58, 59, 60, 88, 89, and 90 days, using Ion Selective Electrode (ISE). After each time of measurement, distilled water was replaced. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison of groups and powder/liquid mixing ratio. For pairwise comparison of time points, the Bonferroni adjustment was applied (p<0.05).
Results: Based on the results, although the amount of fluoride released from Fuji IX was higher than Fuji II, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.589). The lowest fluoride release was seen in Fuji II LC and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Change by 20% in the powder/liquid mixing ratio in the three GI cements had no significant effect on fluoride release (p=0.650, p=0.103, p=0.082).
Conclusion: Fluoride release from GI was time-dependent and the amount of released fluoride decreased over time. Fuji II LC resin-modified GI (RMGI) released less fluoride than Fuji II and Fuji IX. Also, 20% change in powder/liquid mixing ratio had no significant effect on fluoride release in different groups.
- Fluoride
- Glass ionomer cement
- Ion selective electrode
- Powder/liquid ratio
- Release pattern
How to Cite
References
Rutar J, McAllan L, Tyas MJ. Three‐year clinical performance of glass ionomer cement in primary molars. Int J Paediatr Dent 2002; 12: 146-147.
Berzins DW, Abey S, Costache MC, Wilkie CA, Roberts HW. Resin-modified glass-ionomer setting reaction competition. J Dent Res 2010; 89: 82-86.
Yap AV, Mudambi S, Chew CL, Neo JC. Mechanical properties of an improved visible light- cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Oper Dent 2000; 26: 295-301.
Yiu CK, Tay FR, King NM, Pashley DH, Carvalho RM, Carrilho MN. Interaction of resin- modified glass-ionomer cements with moist dentine. J Dent 2004; 32: 521-530.
Xie D, Chung ID, Wu W, Lemons J, Puckett A, Mays J. An amino acid-modified and non-HEMA containing glass-ionomer cement. Biomaterials 2004; 25: 1825-1830.
Arici S, Ozer M, Arici N, Gencer Y. Effects of sandblasting metal bracket base on the bond strength of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement: an in vitro study. J Mater Sci Mat Med 2006; 17: 253-258.
Summers A, Kao E, Gilmore J, Gunel E, Ngan P. Comparison of bond strength between a conventional resin adhesive and a resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive: an in vitro and in vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004; 126: 200-206.
Kleverlaan CJ, van Duinen RN, Feilzer AJ. Mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements affected by curing methods. Dent Mater 2004; 20: 45-50.
Mitsuhashi A, Hanaoka K, Teranaka T. Fracture toughness of resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials: effect of powder/liquid ratio and powder particle size reduction on fracture toughness. Dent Mater 2003; 19: 747-757.
Emamieh S, Ghasemi A, Torabzadeh H. Hygroscopic expansion of aesthetic restorative materials: one-year report. J Dent (Tehran) 2011; 8: 25-32.
Behr M, Rosentritt M, Loher H, Kolbeck C, Trempler C, Stemplinger B, et al. Changes of cement properties caused by mixing errors: the therapeutic range of different cement types. Dent Mater 2008; 24: 1187-1193.
Crisp S, Lewis BG, Wilson AD. Characterization of glass-ionomer cements: 2. Effect of the powder: liquid ratio on the physical properties. J Dent 1976; 4: 287-290.
Torabzadeh H, Ghasemi A, Shakeri S, Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Razmavar S. Effect of powder/liquid ratio of glass ionomers cements on flexural and shear bon strength to dentin. Braz J Oral Sci 2011; 10: 204-207.
Quackenbush BM, Donly KJ, Croll TP. Solubility of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. ASDC J Dent Child 1998; 65: 310-312, 354.
van‘l Hof MA, Frencken JE, van Palenstein Helderman WH, Holmgren CJ. The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach for managing dental caries: a meta‐analysis. Int Dent J 2006; 56: 345-351.
Perrin C, Persin M, Sarrazin J. A comparison of fluoride release from four glass-ionomer cements. Quintessence Int 1994; 25: 603-608.
McKnight-Hanes C, Whitford G. Fluoride release from three glass ionomer materials and the effects of varnishing with or without finishing. Caries Res 1992; 26: 345-350.
Forsten L. Resin-modified glass ionomer cements: fluoride release and uptake. Acta Odontol Scand 1995; 53: 222-225.
Muzynski BL, Greener E, Jameson L, Malone WF. Fluoride release from glass ionomers used as luting agents. J Prosthet Dent 1988; 60: 41-44.
Takahashi K, Emilson C, Birkhed D. Fluoride release in vitro from various glass ionomer cements and resin composites after exposure to NaF solutions. Dent Mater 1993; 9: 350-354.
Pagliari Tiano AV, Moimaz SA, Saliba O, Saliba NA, Sumida DH. Fluoride intake from meals served in daycare centres in municipalities with different fluoride concentrations in the water supply. Oral Health Prev Dent 2009; 7: 289-295.
Billington RW, Williams JA, Pearson GJ. Variation in powder/liquid ratio of a restorative glass- ionomer cement used in dental practice.Br Dent J 1990; 169: 164-167.
Mount GJ. An atlas of glass-ionomer cements: a clinician's guide. 3rd Ed.CRC Press 2003.
Carey C, Spencer M, Gove RJ, Eichmiller FC. Fluoride release from a resin-modified glass- ionomer cement in a continuous-flow system. effect of pH. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 829-832.
Langenbucher F. In vitro assessment of dissolution kinetics: description and evaluation of a column‐type method. J Pharm Sci 1969; 58: 1265-1272.
Tingstad JE, Riegelman S. Dissolution rate studies. I. Design and evaluation of a continuous flow apparatus. J Pharm Sci 1970; 59: 692-696.
Markovic DLJ, Petrovic BB, Peric TO. Fluoride content and recharge ability of five glass ionomer dental materials. BMC Oral Health 2008; 8: 21.
Lin YC, Lai YL, Chen WT, Lee SY. Kinetics of fluoride release from and reuptake by orthodontic cements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 133: 427-434.
Luo J, Billington RW, Pearson GJ. Kinetics of fluoride release from glass components of glass ionomers. J Dent 2009; 37: 495-501.
Vermeersch G, Leloup G, Vreven J. Fluoride release from glass–ionomer cements, compomers and resin composites. J Oral Rehabil 2001; 28: 26-32.
Robertello FJ, Coffey JP, Lynde TA, King P. Fluoride release of glass ionomer–based luting cements in vitro. J Prosthet Dent 1999; 82: 172-176.
- Abstract Viewed: 209 times
- PDF Downloaded: 137 times