بیطرفی رسانهای و تأثیر آن بر رعایت حقوق بشر در رسانه
مجله اخلاق زیستی- علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 9 شماره 1 (1398),
15 خرداد 2019
,
صفحه 139-157
https://doi.org/10.22037/bioeth.v9i1.26921
چکیده
این تحقیق مروری بر موضوع رعایت بیطرفی در اخبار است. محققان در این تحقیق به بررسی سیر تبیین اصل بیطرفی خبری در نظریات حوزه ارتباطات و رسانه پرداختهاند. بر اساس اصول خبری پذیرفتهشده در مجامع بینالمللی، اخبار باید به صورت بیطرفانه و بدون جهتگیری ارائه شوند و با توجه به ماده 19 اعلامیه حقوق بشر، هر فردی حق آزادی عقیده و بیان دارد و این حق، مستلزم آن است كه كسی از داشتن عقاید خود بیم و نگرانی نداشته باشد و در كسب و دریافت و انتشار اطلاعات و افكار، به تمام وسایل ممكن و بدون ملاحظات مرزی، آزاد باشد و یکی از عوامل اصلی تحقق این حق، رعایت بیطرفی رسانهای است. زندگی در دنیای امروز بدون دسترسی به رسانهها امکانپذیر نیست و رسانهها نیز موظف هستند اخبار را به صورت منصفانه و به دور از منافع شخصی به سمع و نظر مردم برسانند و تضمینکننده رعایت حقوق بشر باشند. با توجه به این مهم، محققان در این تحقیق با بررسی نظریات موجود در رابطه با رعایت بیطرفی در اخبار، به بیان نظریات نقضکننده بیطرفی نیز پرداختهاند و موضوع جهتگیری پنهان در اخبار نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. آنچه نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد، این است که اگرچه بیطرفی در اخبار اصلی پذیرفته شده است، اما رعایتنشدن این اصل در بسیاری از رسانهها، صورت میگیرد و این موضوع ناقض اصول حقوق بشر و حقوق شهروندی است، زیرا حقوق بشر بدون آزادی بیان و آزادی بیان بدون اطلاعرسانی آزادانه و منصفانه و به دور از جهتگیری محقق نمیشود. هدف این پژوهش بررسی بیطرفی رسانهای و نقش آن در تضمین حقوق بشر در رسانه است.
- بیطرفی؛ خبر؛ جهتگیری؛ جهتگیری پنهان؛ رسانه؛ حقوق بشر
ارجاع به مقاله
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