اصل احتیاط زیستمحیطی در پرتو قانون ایمنیزیستی
مجله اخلاق زیستی- علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 9 شماره 32 (1398),
3 دسامبر 2019
,
صفحه 87-100
https://doi.org/10.22037/bioeth.v9i32.24458
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: پروتکل کارتاهنا درباره ایمنیزیستی، براساس اصل احتیاط زیستمحیطی تنظیم گردیده است. پیرو الحاق ایران به این پروتکل، قانون ایمنیزیستی در راستای تعیین مقرراتی در این حوزه تصویب گردید. علیرغم ضرورت التزام قانون مذکور به اصل احتیاط، پایبندی آن به این اصل محل تردید قرار گرفته است. از این رو پژوهش حاضر بر آن است که با تحلیل این سند قانونی، حدود التزام و پایبندی آن به اصل احتیاط را بررسی نماید.
مواد و روشها: در این پژوهش تحلیلی ضمن مطالعه تحقیقات پیشین و مقالات منتشره، سند قانون ایمنیزیستی در ابعاد مختلف مورد تحلیل و نقد قرار گرفت.
یافتهها: در این قانون، اصل اخلاقی احتیاط و حدود و نحوه اجرای آن مورد اشاره قرار نگرفته و تنها در باب ارزیابی و مدیریت خطر با ارجاع به پروتکل کارتاهنا به طور ضمنی به این اصل اشاره گردیده است. در حوزه مشارکت عمومی نیز فاقد هرگونه الزاماتی بوده و در خصوص مسؤولیت مدنی و کیفری نیز ابهامات بسیاری از حیث انطباق با اصل احتیاط به چشم میخورد.
نتیجهگیری: قانون ایمنیزیستی در اجرای اصل احتیاط ناموفق بوده و رویکرد حاکم بر این قانون با اصل مذکور مغایرت دارد. علت اصلی این امر را میتوان عدم ارائه تعریف و حدود اجرای این اصل با عنایت به شرایط اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی کشور دانست. اصلاح این قانون مطابق با اصل احتیاط توصیه میگردد.
- ایمنیزیستی؛ اصل احتیاط؛ پروتکل کارتاهنا؛ ارزیابی خطر
ارجاع به مقاله
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