Yeast Mannan: Structure, Extraction and Bioactivity
Applied Food Biotechnology,
Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023),
17 Ordibehesht 2023
,
Page 155-164
https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v10i3.41489
Abstract
Background and Objective: Yeasts are cheap and easily available sources of valuable bioactive compounds such as mannan. Spend yeasts as byproducts of various industries can be used to extract mannan, making the production process economical. Various factors such as growth conditions and cultivation system affect cell wall structure of the yeasts. The most common use of yeast mannan is as a prebiotic in animal feed. Its metabolism in the intestinal cell wall can produce postbiotic compounds such as short-chain fatty acids. Extraction of mannan has not been reported as a known classical method, depending on its final use and costs. The most popular cost-effective method is the acid-alkaline strategy. The current article has reviewed all aspects of structure, methods of extraction and recent studies on potential uses and bioactivities of yeast mannan and mannooligosaccharides, including modulation of animal gut microbiome, immune system and animal performance, as well as its antioxidant activity.
Results and Conclusion: Literature review shows that mannan, manno-oligosaccharides, mannan rich fraction and their combination with probiotics and/or other bioactive compounds such as β-glucan may modulate compositions of gut microbiota. Various studies have shown that effectiveness of mannan depends on the species of animals and their age, diet, environmental conditions and rearing system. By optimizing the growth and cultivation conditions of yeasts, it is possible to increase proportions of mannan in the cell wall of yeasts, increasing efficiency of the industrial production. Although the most widely used yeast in industries is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, other Saccharomyces strains (e.g., Saccharomycesboulardii) and non-Saccharomyces yeasts (e.g., Pichia and Kluyveromyces spp.) can also be considered as high yielding strains.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- ▪ Acid-alkaline method ▪ Animal performance ▪ Feed supplement ▪ Mannan rich fraction (MRF)
How to Cite
References
Moukadiri I, Armero J, Abad A, Sentandreu R, Zueco J. Identification of a mannoprotein present in the inner layer of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1997; 179(7): 2154-2162.
https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.7.2154-2162.1997
Orlean P. Architecture and biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. Genetics 2012; 192: 775-818.
https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.112.144485
Henry C, Fontaine T, Heddergott C, Robinet P, Aimanianda V, Beau R, Beauvais A, Mouyna I, Prevost M, Fekkar A, Zhao Y, Perlin D, Latge JP. Biosynthesis of cell wall mannan in the conidium and the mycelium of Aspergillus fumigatus. Cell Microbiol. 2016; 18(12): 1881-1891.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12665
Lakra AK, Domdi L, Tilwani YM, Arul V. Physicochemical and functional characterization of mannan exopolysaccharide from Weissella confusa MD1 with bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 143: 797-805.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.139
Klis FM, Mol P, Hellingwerf K, Brul S. Dynamics of cell wall structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2002; 26 (3): 239-256.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00613.x
Ruiz-Herrera J. Biosynthesis of beta-glucans in fungi. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1991; 60: 72-81.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00572695
Gomez B, Miguez B, Yanez R, Alonso JL. Manufacture and properties of glucomannan and glucomannooligosaccharides derived from konjac and other sources. Agri Food Chem. 2017; 65(10): 2019-2031.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05409
Faustino M. Durao J, Pereira CF, Pintado ME, Carvalho AP. Mannan and Mannan Oligosaccharides (MOS) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae-A sustainable Source of functional ingredients. Carbohydr Polym. 2021; 272: 118467.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118467
Young M, Davies MJ, Bailey D, Gradwell MJ, Smestad-Paulsen B, Wold JK, Barnes RM, Hounsell EF. Characterization of oligosaccharides from an antigenic mannan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glycoconj J. 1998; 15(8): 815-822.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006968117252
Spring P, Wenk C, Dawson KA, Newman KE. The effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric Bacteria in the ceca of Salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 2000; 79(2): 205-211.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.2.205
White LA, Newman MC, Cromwell GL, Lindemann MD. Brewers dried yeast as a source of mannan oligosaccharides for weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 2002; 80(10): 2619-2628.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ansci/80.10.2619
Yehia RS, Saleh AM, Ismail MB, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Amri O, Abdel-Gaber R. Isolation and characterization of anti-proliferative and anti-oxidative mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. King Saud Univ Sci. 2022; 34(2): 101774.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101774
Yin QY, de Groot PW, Dekker HL, de Jong L, Klis FM, de Koster CG. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls: identification of proteins covalently attached via glycosylphosphatidylinositol remnants or mild alkali-sensitive linkages. Biol Chem.2005: 280(21); 20894-20901.
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M500334200
Petkowicz CL de O, Reicher F, Chanzy H, Taravel FR, Vuong R. Linear mannan in the endosperm of Schizolobium amazonicum, Carbohydr Polym. 2001; 44: 107-112.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(00)00212-5
Cerqueira MA, Souza BWS, Simoes J, Teixeira JA, Rosário M, Domingues M, Coimbra MA, Vicente AA. Structural and thermal characterization of galactomannan from nonconventional sources. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011; 83: 179-185.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.036
Dolfi S, Sveronis A, Silipo A, Rizzo R, Cescutti P. A novel rhamno-mannan exopolysaccharide isolated from biofilms of Burkholderia multivorans C1576. Carbohydr Res. 2015; 411: 42-48.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2015.04.012
Aguilar‐Uscanga B, Francois JM. A study of the yeast cell wall composition and structure in response to growth conditions and mode of cultivation. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2003; 37(3): 268-274.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01394.x
Hajhosseini A, Doroud D, Sharifan A, Eftekhari Z. Optimizing growth conditions of Kluyveromyces marxianus for mannan production as a bioemulsifier. Appl Food Biotechnol. 2020: 7(2); 115-126.
https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v7i2.28055
Bzducha-Wrobel A, Biażejak S, Kieliszek M, Pobiega K, Falana K, Janowicz M. Modification of the cell wall structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during cultivation on waste potato juice water and glycerol towards biosynthesis of functional polysaccharides. Biotechnol. 2018: 281; 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.06.305 Reference:
Vakilian Aghooi H, Mortazavian SA, Milani E, Koochaki A, Mehraban M. Statistical optimization of culture media and conditions for maximize production of mannan by Saccharo-myces cerevisiae using response surface methodology. Annu Res Rev Biol. 2014: 4(12); 1927-1940.
https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2014/8712
Liu D, Ding L, Sun J, Boussetta N, Vorobiev E. Yeast cell disruption strategies for recovery of intracellular bio-active compounds-A review. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol. 2016; 36: 181-192.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2016.06.017
Faustino M, Durao J, Pereira CF, Oliveira AS, Pereira JO, Pereira AM, Ferreira C, Pintado ME, Carvalho AP. Comparative analysis of mannan extraction processes from spent yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Foods. 2022; 11(23): 3753.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233753
Huang GL. Extraction of two active polysaccharides from the yeast cell wall. Zeitschrift fur Naturforsch-Sect C. Biosci. 2008; 63 (11-12): 919-921.
https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008 11 1224.
Cawley TN, Harrington MG, Letters R. A Study of the phosphate linkages in phosphomannan in cell walls of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Biochem. 1972; 129: 711-720.
https://doi.org/10.10422Fbj129071
Zeng XT, Li PY, Chen X, Kang Y, Xie Y, Li X, Xie TH, Zhang YK. Effects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Int. J Biol Macromol. 2019; 126: 867-876.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.222.
Shu X, Zhang YF, Jia JX, Ren XJ, Wang YF. Extraction, purification and properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from mushroom Lepista nuda. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019; 128: 858-869.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.214.
Jana UK, Suryawanshi RK, Prajapati BP, Kango N. Prebiotic mannooligosaccharides: Synthesis, characterization and bioactive properties. Food Chem. 2021; 342: 128328.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128328
Snyman C, Mekoue Nguela J, Sieczkowski N, Marangon M, Divol B. Optimised extraction and preliminary characterization of mannoproteins from non-saccharomyces wine yeasts. Foods. 2021; 10(5): 924.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10050924
Galinari E, Almeida-Lima J, Macedo GR, Mantovani HC, Rocha HAO. Antioxidant, antiproliferative and immunostimulatory effects of cell wall α-d-mannan fractions from Kluyveromyces marxianus. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 109: 837-846.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.053
Liu Y, Huang G. The derivatization and antioxidant activities of yeast mannan. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 107: 755-761.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.055
Oba S, Sunagawa T, Tanihiro R, Awashima K, Sugiyama H, Odani T, Nakamura Y, Kondo A, Sasaki D, Sasaki K. Prebiotic effects of yeast mannan, which selectively promotes Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus in a human colonic microbiota model. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1): 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74379-0
Oba S, Washida K, Shimada Y, Sunagawa T, Tanihiro R, Sugiyama H, Nakamura Y. Yeast mannan increases Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron abundance and suppresses putrefactive compound production in in vitro fecal microbiota fermentation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020; 84(10): 2174-2178.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2020.1784704
Ishida T, Kanaoka Y, Ohuchi A, Arai Y, Suzuki K. Method for producing yeast water-soluble polysaccharide. Japan Patent JP4979924. 2012.
https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4979924B2/en
Wan M, Wang M, Zhao Y, Deng H, Tan C, Lin S, Meng X. Extraction of mannoprotein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analysis of its chemical composition and molecular structure. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021; 193: 2252-2259.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.057
Sedmark JJ. Production of beta-glucans and mannan. Patent No. US 8,753,668 B2. 2014.
Yu X, Li Z, Yu M, Yao J, Zhang Y. Method and preparing glucan and mannan, glucan preparation and mannan preparation produced thereby and use thereof. Patent No. US 8,679,797 B2. 2011
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110045545A1/enBy
Ungemach FR, Muller-Bahrdt D, Abraham G, Guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials and their implications on antibiotic usage in veterinary medicine. Int J Med Microbiol. 2006; 296: 33-38.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2006.01.059
Singh S, Singh G, Arya SK. Mannan: An overview of properties and application in food products. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 119: 79-95.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.130
Leclercq E, Pontefract N, Rawling M, Valdenegro V, Aasum E andujar LV, Migaud H, Castex M, Merrifield D. Dietary supplementation with a specific mannan-rich yeast parietal fraction enhances the gut and skin mucosal barriers of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and reduces its susceptibility to sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Aquac. 2020; 529: 735701.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735701
Grossi S, Dell’Anno M, Rossi L, Compiani R, Sgoifo Rossi CA. Supplementation of live yeast, mannan oligosaccharide and organic selenium during the adaptation phase of newly arrived beef cattle: Effects on health status, immune functionality and growth performance. Antibiot. 2021; 10(9): 1114.
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091114
Zapata O, Cervantes A, Barreras A, Monge-Navarro F, Gonzalez-Vizcarra VM, Estrada-Angulo A, Urias-Estrada JD, Corona L, Zinn RA, Martinez-Alvarez IG. Plascencia A. Effects of single or combined supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics on ruminal fermentation, ruminal bacteria and total tract digestion in lambs. Small Rumin Res. 2021; 204: 106538.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106538
Teng PY, Adhikari R, Llamas-Moya S, Kim WK. Effects of combination of mannan-oligosaccharides and β-glucan on growth performance, intestinal morphology and immune gene expression in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2021; 100(12): 101483.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101483
Wang T, Xu R, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Effects of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on glucose and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with high carbohydrate diet. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2022; 292: 115449.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115449
Ding Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhang M, He Y, Chenge H, Xu J, Chen X, Zhao X. Dietary mannan oligosaccharides enhance the non-specific immunity, intestinal health and resistance capacity of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Immunol. 2022; 13: 863657.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.863657
Ogunade IM, Taiwo G, Estrada-Reyes, ZM, Yun J, Pech-Cervantes AA, Peters SO. Effects of a blend of mannan and glucan on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, energy status and whole-blood immune gene expression of beef steers during a 42-d receiving period. Transl Anim Sci. 2021; 5(1): txaa226.
https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa226
Sang HM, Fotedar R. Effects of mannan oligosaccharide dietary supplementation on performances of the tropical spiny lobsters juvenile (Panulirus ornatus, Fabricius 1798). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2010; 8(3): 483-489.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.12.011
Li Y, Liu H, Dai X, Li J, Ding F. Effects of dietary inulin and mannan oligosaccharide on immune related genes expression and disease resistance of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018; 76: 78-92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.034
Koiyama NTG, Utimi NBP, Santos BRL, Bonato MA, Barbalho R, Gameiro AH, Araujo CSS, Araujo LF. Effect of yeast cell wall supplementation in laying hen feed on economic viability, egg production and egg quality. Appl Poult Res. 2018; 27(1): 116-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfx052
Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr. 1995; 125: 1401-412.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.6.1401
Abbott DW, Martens EC, Gilbert HJ, Cuskin F, Lowe EC. Coevolution of yeast mannan digestion: convergence of the civilized human diet, distal gut microbiome and host immunity. Gut Microbes. 2015; 6: 334-339.
https://doi.org/10.1080/2019490976.2015.1091913
Leigh R J, Corrigan A, Murphy RA, Walsh F. Effect of Mannan-rich fraction supplementation on commercial broiler intestinum tenue and cecum microbiota. Animal Microbiome. 2022; 4(1): 1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-022-00208-6
Zampiga M, Sirri F, Rondel E, Manfreda G, Lucchi A, De Cesare A. Effect of the dietary administration of a yeast fraction rich in mannan-oligosaccharides and β-glucans on fecal microbiota and productive performance of turkeys. Anim Sci proceedings. 2022; 13(5): 649-650.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anscip.2022.05.076
Sergij K, Oksana K, Liudmyla N, Valentyna Y, Vitaliy M, Galina L, Irina G. Yeast-rich mannan fractions in duck cultivation: prospects of using. Foods Raw Mater. 2020; 8(2): 337-347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119457
Tang N, Wang X, Yang R, Liu Z, Liu Y, Tian J, Xiao L, Li W. Extraction, isolation, structural characterization and prebiotic activity of cell wall polysaccharide from Kluyveromyces marxianus. Carbohydr Polym. 2022; 289: 119457.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-337-347
Kwak S, Robinson SJ, Lee JW, Lim H, Wallace CL, Jin YS. Dissection and enhancement of prebiotic properties of yeast cell wall oligosaccharides through metabolic engineering. Biomater-ials. 2022; 282: 121379.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121379
Bzducha Wrobel A, Farkas P, Chraniuk P, Popielarz D, Synowiec A, Pobiega K, Janowicz M. Antimicrobial and prebiotic activity of mannoproteins isolated from conventional and noncom-ventional yeast species-the study on selected microorganisms. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022; 38(12): 256.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03448-5
Liu T, Li F, Xu J, Wang J, Shen Z, Zhang F, Wang J, Zheng C. Metabolome analysis reveals potential mechanisms of mannan oligosaccharides to improve health, growth performance and fatty acid deposition in Hu Lambs. Agric. 2022; 12(9): 1327.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091327
Garcia Diaz T, Ferriani Branco A, Jacovaci FA, Cabreira Jobim C, Bolson DC, Pratti Daniel JL. Inclusion of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides in high grain-based diets for sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory response and rumen morphology Plos One. 2018; 13(2): e0193313.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193313
Salami SA, Ross SA, Patsiogiannis A, Moran CA, Taylor-Pickard J. Performance and environmental impact of egg production in response to dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide in laying hens: a meta-analysis. Poult Sci. 2022; 101(4): 101745.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101745
Ahiwe EU, Omede AA, Abdallh ME, Chang'a EP, Al-Qahtani M, Gausi H, Graham H, Iji PA. Response of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation of enzymatically hydrolyzed glucan or mannan yeast products. J Appl Poult Res. 2019; 28(4):892-901.
https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz047
Gupta S, Bhathena ZP, Kumar S, Nuzaiba PM, Srivastava PP, Gupta S, Jadhao SB. Comparative efficacy of mannan-oligosaccharides from two yeast species fed alone or in combination with probiotic Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 to Catla (Catla catla) juveniles. Aquac Int. 2020; 28: 691-710.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00488-x
Gelibolu S, Yanar Y, Genç MA, Genç E. Effect of mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation on body growth, fatty acid profile and organ morphology of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Pak J Zoolog. 2018; 50(1): 229-240.
http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.1.229.240
Ganner A, Schatzmayr G. Capability of yeast derivatives to adhere enteropathogenic bacteria and to modulate cells of the innate immune system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012; 95(2): 289-297.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4140-y
Mukaida N, Harada A, Matsushima K. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF/MCP-1), chemokines essentially involved in inflammatory and immune reactions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1998; 9(1): 9-23.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6101(97)00022-1
White LA, Newman MC, Cromwell GL, Lindemann M D. Brewers dried yeast as a source of mannan oligosaccharides for weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 2002; 80(10): 2619-2628.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ansci/80.10.2619
Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Balamurugan P, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Van Doan H, Balasundaram C, Davies S, El-Haroun E. Immuno-stimulatory effect of mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation diet in milkfish (Chanos chanos). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2023; 108568
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108568
Liang H, Xie Y, Li Y, Xie M, Li M, Zhou W, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ran C, Zhou Z. Dietary supplementation of yeast mannan enhances antiviral immunity of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquac. 2023; 563: 739003.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739003
Reading PC, Morey LS, Crouch EC Anders EM. Collectin-mediated antiviral host defense of the lung: evidence from influenza virus infection of mice. Virol J. 1997; 71: 8204-8212.
https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.71.11.8204-8212.1997
Hartshorn KL, White MC, Voelker DR, Coburn J, Zaner K, Crouch EC. Mechanism of binding of surfactant protein D to influenza A viruses: importance of binding to haemagglutinin to antiviral activity. Biochem. 2000; 351: 449-458.
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3510449
Khmaladze I, Kelkka T, Guerard S, Wing K, Pizzolla A, Saxena A, Lundqvist K, Holmdahl M, Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R. Mannan induces ROS-regulated, IL-17A-dependent psoriasis arthritis-like disease in mice. Proc Nati Acad Sci. 2014; 111(35): E3669-E3678.
http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405798111
Kogani G, Pajtinka M, Babincova M, Miadokova E, Rauko P, Slamenova D, Korolenko TA. Yeast cell wall polysaccharides as antioxidants and antimutagens: Can they fight cancer? Neoplasma. 2008; 55(5): 387. PMID: 18665748.
Zhao Y, Wang J, FuQ, Zhang H, Liang J, Xue W, Zhao G, Oda H. Characterization and antioxidant activity of mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with different molecular weight. Molecules. 2022; 27(14): 4439.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144439
Wang Y, Shen C, Huo K, Cai D, Zhao G. Antioxidant activity of yeast mannan and their growth-promoting effect on Lactobacillus strains. Food Funct. 2021; 12(21): 10423-10431.
- Abstract Viewed: 495 times
- pdf Downloaded: 522 times