Evaluation of Laboratory Diagnostic Markers in Patients with Hypertension
Archives of Advances in Biosciences,
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022),
1 January 2022
,
Page 1-10
https://doi.org/10.22037/aab.v13i2.38904
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is growing as a running title public health problem. It is one of the most important risk factors for various diseases including cardiovascular disease. The study of laboratory markers and early detection of complications can play an effective role in controlling the disease.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional one that was performed from March 21, 2020, to March 19, 2021, on patients referred to Abadan and Khorramshahr educational hospitals with hypertension. Information on age, sex, and laboratory diagnostic factors of patients with hypertension admitted to HIS were received. Data were analyzed using STATA software.
Results: The study population involved 1505 patients with hypertension admitted to Abadan and Khorramshahr educational hospitals; there were 487 males (32%) and 1018 females (68%). The average age of the patients was 61 (SD: 12). The highest frequency of patients with hypertension was in the age group of 64-55 years with a frequency of 420 (27.9%). The results showed that the mean of creatinine was higher than normal. The mean of CK-MB and INR was slightly higher than normal. The two sexes were significantly different in terms of the means of CK-MB, AST, ALT, Cr, Na, MCHC, HCT, HB, and RBC. According to the unadjusted and multiple logistic regression analysis, each 1 unit increase in BUN and K+ was associated with an increase in the odds of abnormal creatinine. Each 1 unit increase in RBC, HB, HCT, MCH, and MCHC was associated with a decrease in the odds of abnormal creatinine, and each 1 unit increase in PT was associated with an increase in the odds of abnormal creatinine.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that some laboratory markers in patients with hypertension were above the normal range including renal, cardiac, and coagulation diagnostic factors and some of which depend on age and sex; thus, it is important to pay attention to these markers in controlling high blood pressure in these patients. Future studies are warranted to examine the issue further.
- Cardiac diagnostic markers, Creatinine, Hypertension, Renal diagnostic markers.
How to Cite
References
Coccina F, Pierdomenico AM, Ianni U, De Rosa M, De Luca A, Pirro D, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure and risk of new‐onset atrial fibrillation in treated hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021; 23(1):147-52. [DOI:10.1111/jch.14112] [PMID] [PMCID]
Barati M, Bayat F, Alsadat Asadi Z, Afshari Moshir F, Afshari M. Relationship between health literacy and self-care behaviors in hypertensive patients. J Educ Community Health. 2020; 7(2):89-96. [DOI:10.29252/jech.7.2.89]
Karmali KN, Lloyd-Jones DM, van der Leeuw J, Goff Jr DC, Yusuf S, Zanchetti A, et al. Blood pressure-lowering treatment strategies based on cardiovascular risk versus blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual participant data. PLoS Med. 2018; 15(3):3-20. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002538] [PMID] [PMCID]
Liu L, Quang ND, Banu R, Kumar H, Tham YC, Cheng CY, et al. Hypertension, blood pressure control and diabetic retinopathy in a large population-based study. PLoS
One. 2020; 15(3):1-15. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0229665] [PMID] [PMCID]
Rezvan S, Besharati M, Khodadadpoor M, Matlabi M, Fathi A, Salimi A, et al. Self-care assessment of patients with hypertension in Qom city in 2016 (Iran). Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2018: 12(4):72-80. [DOI:10.29252/qums.12.4.72]
Bairami S, Fathi Y, Mohammadinasab S, Barati M, Mohammadi Y. Relationship between self-care behaviors and quality of life among hypertensive patients visiting comprehensive health centers in Hamadan, Iran. J Educ Community Health. 2017; 4(1):20-7. [DOI:10.21859/jech.4.1.20]
Ozoh OB. Prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure profile amongst urban-dwelling adults in Nigeria: a comparative analysis based on recent guideline recommendations. Clin Hypertens. 2019; 25(3):15-23. [DOI:10.1186/s40885-019-0112-1] [PMID] [PMCID]
Seow LSE, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA. Hypertension and its associated risks among Singapore elderly residential population. J Clin Gerontol Geriatr. 2015; 6(4):125-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcgg.2015.05.002]
Berra C, Manfrini R, Regazzoli D, Radaelli M, Disoteo O, Sommese C, et al. Blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus with arterial hypertension. The important ancillary role of sglt2-inhibitors and glp1-receptor agonists. Pharmacol Res. 2020; 160:105052. [DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105052] [PMID]
Acharya V, Nandakrishna B. Target Blood Pressure in Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Hypertension. 2020;6(4):37.
Lee JY, Han SH. Blood pressure control in patients with chronic kidney disease. Korean J Intern Med.
; 36(4):780-94. [DOI:10.3904/kjim.2021.181] [PMID] [PMCID]
Guixé-Muntet S, Zhu CP, Xie WF, Gracia-Sancho J. Novel therapeutics for portal hypertension and fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2020; 215:107626. [DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107626] [PMID]
Marek-Trzonkowska N, Kwieczyńska A, Reiwer-Gostomska M, Koliński T, Molisz A, Siebert J. Arterial hypertension is characterized by imbalance of pro-angiogenic versus anti-angiogenic factors. PLoS One. 2015; 10(5):1-17. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0126190] [PMID] [PMCID]
Hall JE, Mouton AJ, da Silva AA, Omoto AC, Wang Z, Li X, et al. Obesity, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation: Interactions in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res.
; 117(8):1859-76. [DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvaa336] [PMID] [PMCID]
Ferreira NS, Tostes RC, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Aldosterone, inflammation, immune system, and hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2021; 34(1):15-27. [DOI:10.1093/ajh/hpaa137] [PMID] [PMCID]
Piaditis GP, Kaltsas G, Markou A, Chrousos GP. Five Reasons for the Failure to Diagnose Aldosterone Excess in Hypertension. Horm Metab Res. 2020; 52(12):827-33. [DOI:10.1055/a-1236-4869] [PMID]
Reichert KP, Castro MFV, Assmann CE, Bottari NB, Miron VV, Cardoso A, et al. Diabetes and hypertension: Pivotal involvement of purinergic signaling. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021; 137:1-19. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111273] [PMID] [PMCID]
Vuille-Lessard É, Rodrigues SG, Berzigotti A. Noninvasive detection of clinically significant portal hypertension in compensated advanced chronic liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2021; 25(2):253-89. [DOI:10.1016/j.cld.2021.01.005] [PMID]
McCallum L, Panniyammakal J, Hastie CE, Hewitt J, Patel R, Jones GC, et al. Longitudinal blood pressure control, long-term mortality, and predictive utility of serum liver enzymes and bilirubin in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2015; 66(1):37-43. [DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04915] [PMID] [PMCID]
Abramson BL, Melvin RG. Cardiovascular risk in women: focus on hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2014; 30(5):553-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.02.014] [PMID]
Rahman S, Islam S, Haque T, Kathak RR, Ali N. Association between serum liver enzymes and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Bangladeshi adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020; 20(1):1-7. [DOI:10.1186/s12872-020-01411-6] [PMID] [PMCID]
Plange-Rhule J, Kerry SM, Eastwood JB, Micah FB, Antwi S, Cappuccio FP. Blood pressure and haematological indices in twelve communities in Ashanti, Ghana.
Int J Hypertens. [DOI:10.1155/2018/5952021] [PMID] [PMCID]
Jiskani A, Memon S, Naseem L. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) as predictive factors of coagulopathy in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Hematol Transfus Int J. 2017; 4(3):84-8. [DOI:10.15406/htij.2017.04.00086]
Tkachyshyn O. Сoagulation hemostasis indices after hemorrhagic stroke, developed as a complication of essential hypertension. ScienceRise Med sci. 2021; 1(40):9-13. [DOI:10.15587/2519-4798.2021.224387]
Nnenna Adaeze N, Uchenna Emeribe A, Abdullahi Nasiru I, Babayo A, Uko EK. Evaluation of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in hypertensive patients attending a tertiary hospital in calabar, Nigeria. Adv Hematol. 2014; 2014:1-7. [DOI:10.1155/2014/932039] [PMID] [PMCID]
Hu J, Li Y, Zhang B, Zheng T, Li J, Peng Y, et al. Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline for high blood pressure on evaluating gestational hypertension–associated risks for newborns and mothers: a retrospective birth
cohort study. Circ Res. 2019; 125(2):184-94. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314682] [PMID]
Nwovu A, Ifeanyi OE, Uzoma OG, Irene NO. Evaluation of platelet and prothrombin time in hypertensive patients attending clinic in federal teaching hospital abakaliki. Age (years). 2018; 1(5):93-95. [DOI:10.19080/OABTJ.2018.01.555571]
Emokpae MA, Nwagbara GO. Serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme activity among subjects with uncomplicated essential hypertension: any sex differences. Med Sci (Basel). 2017; 5(2):1-10. [DOI:10.3390/medsci5020008] [PMID] [PMCID]
Mulani MR, Gawali PS, Hatolkar VS. Study of biochemical markers in patients of ischemic heart disease and hypertension in IIMSR Hospital, Warudi. Int J Biochem. 2019; 3(2):5-8. https://www.biochemjournal.com/articles/33/1-1-18-979.pdf
Sorokina M, Koichubekov B, Turmukhambetova A, Laryushina Y, Turgunova L, Korshukov I. Biomarkers of prehypertension and hypertension in women.
Arch Cardiovasc Dis Suppl. 2019; 11(3):338-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.05.019]
Amin EA, Hassan SA, Ali STM. ACEI Relation with Cardiac Enzyme CK-MB Levels in Hypertensive Patients. Iraqi J Comm Med. 2009; 22(4):777-80. https://www.
iasj.net/iasj/download/10f7a6feabf07b26
Dupont M, Mullens W, Finucan M, Taylor DO, Starling RC, Tang WW. Determinants of dynamic changes in serum creatinine in acute decompensated heart failure: the importance of blood pressure reduction during treatment. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013; 15(4):433-40. [DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs209] [PMID]
Tedla F, Brar A, Browne R, Brown C. Hypertension in chronic kidney disease: navigating the evidence. Int J
Hypertens. 2011; 2011:1-9. [DOI:10.4061/2011/132405] [PMID] [PMCID]
Lee S-G, Lee W, Kwon OH, Kim JH. Association of urinary sodium/creatinine ratio and urinary sodium/specific gravity unit ratio with blood pressure and hypertension: KNHANES 2009–2010. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2013; 424:168-73. [DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2013.05.027] [PMID]
Pandya D, Nagrajappa AK, Ravi K. Assessment and correlation of urea and creatinine levels in saliva and serum of patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes and hypertension–a research study. J Clin Diagn Res.
; 10(10):58-62. [DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2016/20294.8651] [PMID] [PMCID]
Park SK, Moon SY, Oh CM, Ryoo JH, Park MS. High normal urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio predicts development of hypertension in Korean men. Circ J. 2014: 78(3):656-61. [DOI:10.1253/circj.cj-13-0745] [PMID]
Yadav D, Kang DR, Koh S-B, Kim JY, Ahn SV. Association between urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio within the normal range and incident hypertension in men and women. Yonsei Med J. 2016; 57(6):1454-60. [DOI:10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1454] [PMID] [PMCID]
Yang Q, Lu Y, Deng Y, Xu J, Zhang X. Homocysteine level is positively and independently associated with serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels in old male patients with hypertension. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):1-9. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-75073-x] [PMID] [PMCID]
- Abstract Viewed: 145 times
- PDF Downloaded: 26 times
- MP3 Downloaded: 9 times