Comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive flexibility in mothers with autistic children
Social Determinants of Health,
Vol. 8 (2022),
1 Dey 2022
,
Page 1-9
https://doi.org/10.22037/sdh.v8i1.37302
Abstract
Background: Mothers with autistic children encounter with many challenges due to their child's developmental problems. This study aims to compare the effect trainings of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on cognitive flexibility of the mothers with autistic children.
Methods: The present research is a quasi-experimental study as pretest and posttest with a control group, which was performed on mothers with autistic children in three autism rehabilitation centers of Mashhad in 2020-2021. 45 people designated by purposive sampling method and randomly settled in three groups of 15 people (2 groups as experimental and 1 group as control). The experimental groups underwent interventions of CBT and ACT in 8 sessions of ninety minutes; whereas, control group didn’t undergo any training. All three groups completed the cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI) in the pretest and posttest. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23 software and method of covariance analysis (ANCOVA).
Results: The results indicated that both training methods of CBT and ACT significantly increased the cognitive flexibility of the mothers with autistic children (P <0.05). Based on the results of Tukey's test, CBT training was more effective on cognitive flexibility of the mothers with autistic children compared to ACT training.
Conclusion: With regards to the more effectiveness of the CBT, this therapeutic intervention approach can be used to improve emotion regulation strategies and increase the cognitive flexibility the mothers with autistic children.
- Autistic Disorder
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
How to Cite
References
Shuid AN, Jayusman PA, Shuid N, Ismail J, Kamal Nor N, Naina Mohamed I. Update on Atypicalities of Central Nervous System in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sciences. 2020;10(5):309-29.
Miranda A, Mira A, Berenguer C, Rosello B, Baixauli I. Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism without intellectual disability. Mediation of behavioral problems and coping strategies. Frontiers in psychology. 2019;10:464-76.
Ogundele MO. Behavioural and emotional disorders in childhood: A brief overview for paediatricians. World journal of clinical pediatrics. 2018;7(1):9-26.
Faras H, Al Ateeqi N, Tidmarsh L. Autism spectrum disorders. Annals of Saudi medicine. 2010;30(4):295-300.
Sadr NM, Haghgoo HA, Samadi SA, Rassafiani M, Bakhshi E, Hassanabadi H. The impact of dynamic seating on classroom behavior of students with autism spectrum disorder. Iranian journal of child neurology. 2017;11(1):29-36.
Kuhlthau K, Payakachat N, Delahaye J, Hurson J, Pyne JM, Kovacs E, Tilford JM. Quality of life for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2014;8(10):1339-50.
Dababnah S, Parish SL. “At a moment, you could collapse”: Raising children with autism in the West Bank. Children and Youth Services Review. 2013;35(10):1670-8.
Dennis JP, Vander Wal JS. The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive therapy and research. 2010;34(3):241-53.
Southwick SM, Bonanno GA, Masten AS, Panter-Brick C, Yehuda R. Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. European journal of psychotraumatology. 2014;5(1):25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
Dickstein DP, Nelson EE, McCLURE EB, Grimley ME, Knopf L, Brotman MA, Rich BA, Pine DS, Leibenluft E. Cognitive flexibility in phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46(3):341-55.
Sternberg RJ, Frensch PA. On being an expert: A cost-benefit analysis. In The psychology of expertise 1992 (pp. 191-203). Springer, New York, NY.
McAleavey AA, Castonguay LG, Goldfried MR. Clinical experiences in conducting cognitive-behavioral therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy. 2014;45(1):21-35.
Beck JS, Beck AT. Cognitive behavior therapy. New York: Basics and beyond. Guilford Publication. 2011.
Hofmann SG, Asmundson GJ. Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy: New wave or old hat?. Clinical psychology review. 2008;28(1):1-6.
Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. Guilford Press; 2011.
Hayes SC, Lillis JA. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Theories of psychotherapy. The American Psychological Association, Washington DC. 2012.
Bieling PJ, McCabe RE, Antony MM. Cognitive-behavioral therapy in groups. Guilford press; 2009.
Kamali S, Kianrad N. ACT in practice: Case conceptualization in acceptance and commitment therapy. 2 ed. Tehran: Arjemand Publications; 2017.
Soltani E, Shareh H, Bahrainian SA, Farmani A. The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in correlation of coping styles and resilience with depression. Pajoohandeh Journal. 2013;18(2):88-96.
Forman EM, Herbert JD, Moitra E, Yeomans PD, Geller PA. A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior modification. 2007;31(6):772-99.
Niles AN, Burklund LJ, Arch JJ, Lieberman MD, Saxbe D, Craske MG. Cognitive mediators of treatment for social anxiety disorder: Comparing acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Behavior therapy. 2014;45(5):664-77.
Moghtadayi M, Khosh Akhlagh H. Effectiveness of Acceptance- and Commitment-Based Therapy on Psychological Flexibility of Veterans’ Spouses. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health. 2015;7(4):183-8.
Ejei J, Sayadshirazy M, Lavasani MG, Kasaei Esfahani A. Compare the Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Anxiety of Mothers of Autistic Children. Journal of Psychology. 2018;1(85):3-21.
Valizadeh H, Ahmadi V. Comparing the Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Quality of Life in the mothers of children with autism. MEJDS. 2021; 11:35-45.
Yabandeh MR, Bagholi H, Sarvghad S, Kouroshnia M. Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Reduction of Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms. Psychological Methods and Models. 2019;10(36):177-96.
Barlow DH, Raffa SD, Cohen EM. Psychosocial treatments for panic disorders, phobias, and generalized anxiety disorder. In P. E. Nathan, & J. M. Gorman (Eds.), A guide of treatment that work, 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press. 2002.
Harris R. Embracing your demons: An overview of acceptance and commitment therapy. Psychotherapy in Australia. 2006;12(4):1-8.
White RG, Gumley AI, McTaggart J, Rattrie L, McConville D, Cleare S, McLeod HJ, Mitchell G. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depression following psychosis: An examination of clinically significant change. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 2015;4(3):203-9.
Gunduz B. Emotional intelligence, cognitive flexibility and psychological symptoms in pre-service teachers. Educational research and reviews. 2013;8(13):1048-56.
Dehghani Y. Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Mental Health and Irrational Beliefs of Mothers with Autistic Children. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2016; 26 (135):87-98.
Mami A, Amirian K. The effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on mental health and irrational beliefs of mothers with children with autism. Journal of women and family studies. 2016; 30(4): 69-82.
Lee GJ, Lu PH, Hua X, Lee S, Wu S, Nguyen K, Teng E, Leow AD, Jack Jr CR, Toga AW, Weiner MW. Depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment predict greater atrophy in Alzheimer's disease-related regions. Biological psychiatry. 2012;71(9):814-21.
Zong JG, Cao XY, Cao Y, Shi YF, Wang YN, Yan C, Abela JR, Gan YQ, Gong QY, Chan RC. Coping flexibility in college students with depressive symptoms. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2010;8(1):1-6.
Shahabi B, Shahabi R, Foroozandeh E. Analysis of the self-compassion and cognitive flexibility with marital compatibility in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 2020;66(4):282-8.
Phillips EL. Resilience, mental flexibility, and cortisol response to the Montreal imaging stress task in unemployed men: University of Michigan; 2011.
Uddin LQ. Cognitive and behavioural flexibility: neural mechanisms and clinical considerations. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2021;22(3):167-79.
Papadopoulos D. Mothers’ Experiences and Challenges Raising a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study. Brain Sciences. 2021;11(3):309-25.
Fashler SR, Weinrib AZ, Azam MA, Katz J. The use of acceptance and commitment therapy in oncology settings: a narrative review. Psychological reports. 2018;121(2):229-52.
Batink T, Bakker J, Vaessen T, Kasanova Z, Collip D, van Os J, Wichers M, Peeters F. Acceptance and commitment therapy in daily life training: A feasibility study of an mHealth intervention. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016;4(3):e103. doi:10.2196/mhealth.5437
Peterson BD, Eifert GH. Using acceptance and commitment therapy to treat infertility stress. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2011;18(4):577-87.
Mohammadi R, Dowran B, Rabie M, Salimi SH. The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Quality of Life among Military Student. Journal of Police Medicine. 2017;6(1):21-30.
Herbert JD, Gaudiano BA, Forman EM. The importance of theory in cognitive behavior therapy: A perspective of contextual behavioral science. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(4):580-91.
- Abstract Viewed: 217 times
- PDF Downloaded: 212 times