بازتاب پراکندگی بیماری تب نوبه (مالاریا) در سفرنامهها و خاطرات عصر قاجار
مجله تاریخ پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 14 شماره 47 (1401),
23 July 2022
,
صفحه 1-19
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v14i47.37520
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: مالاریا (Malaria) بیماری عفونی است که در اثر نیش پشه آنوفل ایجاد میگردد. این بیماری که به دلیل عارضه تبهای متناوب تب نوبه نامیده میشد، در سراسر عصر قاجار در کشور شایع بود. مالاریا در برخی نقاط شیوع مداومی داشته و گاه نیز همهگیری نوع بدخیم آن در برحی نواحی موجب مرگ جمعی میگردید. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی علل شیوع فراوان این بیماری در ایران آن دوره است.
روش: در این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی نگارش یافته، با مراجعه به کتابخانهها و بررسی منابع تاریخی و به ویژه سفرنامهها و خاطرات دادههای مرتبط با پراکندگی مالاریا در ایران عهد قاجار، عوامل شیوع و شیوههای متداول درمانی این بیماری جمعآوری و فیشبرداری شده و سپس طبقهبندی و پالایش و تنظیم و تدوین گردیده است.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: در این تحقیق در ارجاعدادن به متون و منابع، راستی و درستی سرلوحه کار قرار گرفته است.
یافتهها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که مالاریا در کشور پراکندگی زیادی داشته و طبیعت و انسان هر دو در گسترش آن نقش داشتهاند. باتلاقیبودن مناطق و استفاده نادرست از آبها دلیل اصلی شیوع این بیماری بوده، اما مردم از روی ناآگاهی عواملی چون نیش ساس و کاشت محصولاتی مثل برنج و خرما را مؤثر در پیدایش آن میدانستند. آنها برای مقابله با بیماری به شیوههای سنتی درمان متوسل میشدند و در صورت دسترسی از گنهگنه (Quinine) سود میجستند.
نتیجهگیری: در شیوع فراوان مالاریا در کشور هم عوامل طبیعی و هم عملکرد انسانها مانند شیوه زندگی و فعالیتهای اقتصادی و به ویژه کشاورزی تأثیرگذار بوده است. وجود مشکلات بهداشتی و فقدان خدمات درمانی و دارویی نیز موجب شده بود که مالاریا شایعترین بیماری در ایران عصر قاجار گردد.
- ایران؛ قاجاریه؛ بهداشت؛ بیماری؛ مالاریا؛ باتلاقها؛ سفرنامهها
ارجاع به مقاله
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