واکاوی فقهی - حقوقی «حق بر سلامت» و «مسئولیت دولت» در شرایط شیوع بیماری کرونا واکاوی فقهی - حقوقی «حق بر سلامت» و «مسئولیت دولت» در شرایط شیوع بیماری کرونا
مجله علمی - پژوهشی فقه پزشکی,
دوره 12 شماره 42 (1399),
23 October 2020
,
صفحه 1-16
https://doi.org/10.22037/mfj.v12i42.33667
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: دولتها براساس تعهدات حقوق بشری خود در شرایط شیوع بیماری واگیردار، مسئول ارائه خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی هستند و ارائه این خدمات، نه تنها محدود به شهروندان یک دولت نیست بلکه تعهد به همکاریهای بینالمللی به مثابه سازوکاری تکمیلی جهت توانمندسازی و بالا بردن ظرفیتهای جهانی در جهت مقابله با بیماری واگیردار، برای تمامی دولتها وجود خواهد داشت. از سوی دیگر، تعهدات دولتها در شرایط بحران کرونا، به شکل مطلوب اجرایی نشده و «حق بر سلامت همگانی» تحت تأثیر برخی رویکردهای ملیگرایانه قرار گرفته است.
مواد و روشها: نوشتار حاضر بر اساس شیوه کتابخانهای به جمعآوری نظرات مرتبط با ابعاد فقهی حقوقی مقوله «حق بر سلامت» و «مسئولیت دولت» در شرایط بیماری همهگیر کرونا پرداخته و با روش توصیفی تحلیلی به نقد و بررسی آنها همت گمارده است.
نتیجهگیری: یافتههای مقاله حاکی از آن است که نظام فقهی اسلام، از این قابلیت و ظرفیت برخوردار میباشد که متناسب با شرایط بحرانی و مبتنی بر قواعدی چون وجوب حفظ نفس، حرمت اضرار به غیر، لزوم دفع ضرر محتمل، قاعده تحذیر و قاعده ضرورت (اضطرار)، گزارههای شرعی عادی را تعلیق یا به نحو مقتضی تغییر دهد و برحسب ضرورت، هنجارها و الزاماتی را تعیین و الزامآور نماید. از اینرو میتوان دستگاه فقاهت را در انتظامبخشی به بحرانهای اجتماعی، کارآمد دانست و همزیستی و همافزایی فقه و حقوق را در انطباق با شرایط اضطراری در دو ساحت ملی و بینالمللی تقویت نمود.
- حق بر سلامت دولت کرونا مسئولیت
ارجاع به مقاله
مراجع
References
Roshan, M (2020), Violation of urgency in relieving the legal obligation of child custody and the right to visit in the pandemic of Quaid 19, Quarterly Journal of Legal Research-Special Issue of Law and Corona: p. 92. [In Persian]
Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 2012: p. 558. [In English]
Hekmatonia, M (2020), Ethical, jurisprudential and legal principles of the model of national exposure to pandemic diseases with emphasis on Corona, Islamic Law, Year 17, No. 64: p. 20. [In Persian]
Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, Resolution 613. [In Persian]
Motahari, M (1989), Education in Islam, Tehran, Sadra: pp. 267-268. [In Persian]
Javan Arasteh, H (2020), Human Rights in Islam, Qom, Research Institute and University: p. 106. [In Persian]
Women's Socio-Cultural Council (2007), Charter of Women's Individual, Family and Social Rights and Responsibilities, Tehran, Women's Socio-Cultural Council: p. 6. [In English]
Hooshmand Firoozabadi, H (2020), Feasibility Study for Elimination of Civil Liability of Carriers of Epidemic Diseases in the Light of the Warning Rule, Islamic Law, Year 17, No. 64: p. 84. [In Persian]
Abbasi, M; Dehghani, G and Rezaei, R (2015), Legal Requirements of International Documents on Public Health and the Challenges Facing It, Scientific Journal of the Medical Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Volume 33, Number 2: p. 139. [In Persian]
CESCR, (1997), “The Relationship between Economic Sanctions and Respect for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights”, General Comment No.8, paras:8-9. [In English]
International Health Conference, Constitution of the World Health Organization, 1946: 1. [In English]
CESCR, (1997), “The Relationship between Economic Sanctions and Respect for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights”, General Comment No.8. [In English]
Bahmani, M;Shahbazian, A (2020), Advocacy for the right to health in investment claims arising from global pervasive patients based on Covid 19, Quarterly Journal of Legal Research, Volume 23: p. 263. [In Persian]
Simaei Sarraf, H (2020), Legal / Jurisprudential Norms of Corona; Fundamentals of Legitimacy of Norms and Norm-Makers, Legal Research Quarterly-Special Issue of Law and Corona, Quarterly Journal of Legal Research-Special Issue of Law and Corona: p. 166. [In Persian]
Mohaghegh Damad, SM (2018), Rules of Jurisprudence, Tehran, Islamic Sciences Publishing Center: p. 3. [In Persian]
Ghaeni, M (2020), Moftah analytical news site, http://meftaah.com, medical jurisprudence 32, news code 19298. [In Persian]
Yazdi, MK (1419),
Al-Urwa Al-Wathqa (Al-Mahshi), Volume 2, Qom, Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of the Seminary of Qom: p. 22. [In Arabic]
Koleini, M (1407), Al-Kafi, Volume 5, Tehran, Islamic Books House: pp. 292-293. [In Arabic]
Bahrami-Ahmadi, H (Spring and Summer 2009), Does the rule have no harm on the non-existent rulings of the government? Journal of Islamic Law, No. 29: p. 29. [In Persian]
Hekmatnia, M (2020), Ethical, jurisprudential and legal principles of the model of national exposure to epidemic diseases with emphasis on Corona, Islamic Law, Year 17, No. 64: p. 32. [In Persian]
Yazdi, MK (unpublished), Al-Urwa al-Wathqi, unpublished: p. 115. [In Arabic]
Simaei Sarraf, H (2020), Legal / Jurisprudential Norms of Corona; Fundamentals of Legitimacy of Norms and Norm-Makers, Legal Research Quarterly-Special Issue of Law and Corona, Quarterly Journal of Legal Research-Special Issue of Law and Corona: p. 175. [In Persian]
Ameli, ZA (1413), The Schools of Understanding to the Reformation of Islamic Laws, Volume 6, Islamic Knowledge Foundation, Qom-Iran: p. 159; Bahrani, Al-Asfour (1405 AH), Yusuf bin Ahmad bin Ibrahim, Al-Hadaiq Al-Nadhirah in the rules of Atrah al-Tahir, Volume 4, Qom Khajoui Mazandarani, Mohammad Ismail (1418 AH), Jame Al-Shattat, Qom, Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of the Seminary of Qom: p. 30. [In Arabic]
Ansari, M (1414 AH) Treatises on Jurisprudence, Qom, World Congress in Honor of Sheikh Azam Ansari: p. 122. [In Arabic]
Ehsanifar, A (2020), Jurisprudential and legal aspects of dangerous and rapidly spreading infectious diseases from the perspective of the rule of obligation to eliminate possible harm, Islamic Law, Seventeenth Year, No. 64, p. 165. [In Persian]
Maalouf, L (2003), Al-Munajjid, translated by Mohammad Bandar Rigi, Tehran, Iran Publications: p. 262. [In Arabic]
Mousavi Bojnourdi, M (1401), Basic Articles, Bija: p. 163. [In Arabic]
Hilli, H (1420), Writing the Shari'a Rulings on the Imamiyya Religion, Volume 5, Qom, Imam Sadiq (as) Foundation: p. 534. [In Arabic]
Najafi, MH(1404), Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Sharia al-Islam, Qom, Islamic Publishing: p. 69. [In Arabic]
Sabah Mashhadi, H (2006), Study and explanation of the rule of warning or warning, Judicial Journal, No. 6: p. 14. [In Persian]
Hooshmand Firoozabadi, H (2020), Feasibility Study for Elimination of Civil Liability of Carriers of Epidemic Diseases in the Light of the Warning Rule, Islamic Law, Year 17, No. 64: p. 84. [In Persian]
Hooshmand Firoozabadi, H (2020), Feasibility Study for Elimination of Civil Liability of Carriers of Epidemic Diseases in the Light of the Warning Rule, Islamic Law, Year 17, No. 64: p. 86. [In Persian]
Bahjat Foumani, M (1428), Naqih al-Mubani al-Ahkak (Kitab al-Diyat), Qom, Dar al-Sadiqah al-Shuhada: p. 172. [In Arabic]
Bahjat Foumani, MT (1428), Naqih al-Mubani al-Ahkak (Kitab al-Diyat), Qom, Dar al-Sadiqah al-Shuhada: p. 172. [In Arabic]
Roshan, M (2020), Violation of urgency in relieving the legal obligation of child custody and the right to visit in the pandemic of Quaid 19, Quarterly Journal of Legal Research-Special Issue of Law and Corona: p. 91. [In Persian]
Najafi, MH (1404), The Jewel of Theology in the Explanation of Islamic Law, Beirut, Dar Al-Ihyaa Al-Tarath Al-Arabi: p. 102. [In Arabic]
Ansari, M (1414) Treatises on Jurisprudence, Qom, World Congress in Honor of Sheikh Azam Ansari: p. 199. [In Arabic]
Legal Research Quarterly-Law and Corona Special Issue: p. 96. [In Persian]
Simaei , H (2020), Legal / Jurisprudential Norms of Corona; Fundamentals of Legitimacy of Norms and Norm-Makers, Legal Research Quarterly-Special Issue of Law and Corona, Quarterly Journal of Legal Research-Special Issue of Law and Corona: p. 178. [In Persian]
Sistani, S A (Bita), Explanation of Issues, Bija: p. 892. [In Arabic]
Sabzevari, SA (1413), the polite rules, volume 30, Qom, Al-Manar Institute: p. 392. [In Arabic]
CESCR, (1990), “The Nature of States Parties Obligations”, General Comment No. 3, para: 9. [In English]
_ Senyonjo, M (2010), Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: an examination of state obligations, in: Sarah Joseph & Adam McBeth (ed.), Research Handbook on International Human Rights Law, Cheltenham, Northampton, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited:p. 56 [In English]
ICJ, (2006), “Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo”, (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), Judgment, para: 217. [In English]
Senyonjo, op. cit, p. 57 [In English]
UN Human Rights Experts and Special Rapporteurs (26 March 2020), “No exceptions with COVID-19: Everyone has right to life-saving interventions”, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/everyone-has-right-to-life-saving-interventions-un/1780740. [In English]
CESCR, (1990), “The Nature of States Parties Obligations”, General Comment No.3. [In English]
UN Human Rights Experts and Special Rapporteurs (26 March 2020), “No exceptions with COVID-19: Everyone has right to life-saving interventions”, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/everyone-has-right-to-life-saving -interventions-un/1780740. [In English]
UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 2009: Para 18-20 [In English]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC 2311313. [In English]
Selinger, C. P (2009), “The Right to Consent: Is It Absolute?” British Journal Medical Participation, volume 2 (2): 50-51. [In English]
Ibid: p. 52. [In English]
https://communitylaw.org.nz/community-law-manual/ chapter-17. [In English]
- چکیده مشاهده شده: 673 بار
- pdf دانلود شده: 23 بار