Incidence of Penile Fracture in Iran, a Cross-Sectional Study
Archives of Men's Health,
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021),
6 January 2021
,
Page e30
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v5i1.35316
Abstract
Background: Penile fracture is a urological emergency requiring proper diagnosis and treatment. Limited studies conducted in Iran have reported high prevalence of this problem (9.9 per 100,000 male population). In this study, we also examined the causes and symptoms, as well as the type of treatment physicians choose so that in the future, we can use this data to educate physicians and other people in the community about this disease. Methods: First, all urologists across the country were contacted and informed about the project. Then, from February 2017 to February 2018, a pre-prepared questionnaire containing the required information was sent to them and they were asked to complete and send this questionnaire in case of a penile fracture. Then, every two weeks, we reconnected all urologists in different ways (email, phone call, virtual networks, etc.) and collected relevant data. Finally, all data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. Results: The incidence of penile fractures was estimated to be 2.5 per 100,000 men (from 0.38 in the age range of 69-60 years to 3.9 in the age range of 39-30 years). The most common causes of penile fractures were sexual intercourse (64.8%), followed by non-sexual trauma (16.9%) and masturbation (13.3%). Pain, edema and discoloration of the penis were the most common symptoms at the time of admission (83.6%) and most patients (84%) had referred to a physician within the first 24 hours after the accident. 78.9% of urologists believed in emergency surgical treatment, while 20.3% believed in delayed surgical treatment and 0.7% believed in supportive treatment. Conclusion: Because of the cultural diversity of Iran, the rate of penile fracture is very different in different parts of Iran, but its rate is much lower than previous studies.
- Penis
- Fracture
- Incidence
- Iran
How to Cite
References
2. Amer T, Wilson R, Chlosta P, AlBuheissi S, Qazi H, Fraser M, et al. Penile fracture: a meta-analysis. Urologia internationalis. 2016;96(3):315-29.
3. Mirzazadeh M, Fallahkarkan M, Hosseini J. Penile fracture epidemiology, diagnosis and management in Iran: a narrative review. Translational andrology and urology. 2017;6(2):158.
4. Eke N. Fracture of the penis. British journal of surgery. 2002;89(5):555-65.
5. Zargooshi J. Penile fracture in Kermanshah, Iran: report of 172 cases. The Journal of urology. 2000;164(2):364-6.
6. Asgari M, Hosseini S, Safarinejad M, Samadzadeh B, Bardideh A. Penile fractures: evaluation, therapeutic approaches and long-term results. The Journal of urology. 1996;155(1):148-9.
7. Ahmadnia H, Rostami MY, Kamalati A, Imani MM. Penile fracture and its treatment: is retrograde urethrograghy necessary for management of penile fracture? Chinese Journal of Traumatology. 2014;17(6):338-40.
8. Moslemi MK. Evaluation of epidemiology, concomitant urethral disruption and seasonal variation of penile fracture: a report of 86 cases. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2013;7(9-10):E572.
9. Wong NC, Dason S, Bansal RK, Davies TO, Braga LH. Can it wait? A systematic review of immediate vs. delayed surgical repair of penile fractures. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2017;11(1-2):53.
10. Yamaçake KGR, Tavares A, Padovani GP, Guglielmetti GB, Cury J, Srougi M. Long-term treatment outcomes between surgical correction and conservative management for penile fracture: retrospective analysis. Korean journal of urology. 2013;54(7):472.
11. Carroll PR, Jordan GH. Traumatic and reconstructive urology: WB Saunders Company; 1996.
12. Bozzini G, Albersen M, Otero JR, Margreiter M, Cruz EG, Mueller A, et al. Delaying surgical treatment of penile fracture results in poor functional outcomes: results from a large retrospective multicenter European study. European urology focus. 2018;4(1):106-10.
13. Majzoub AA, Onder Canguven TAR. Alteration in the etiology of penile fracture in the Middle East and Central Asia regions in the last decade; a literature review. Urology annals. 2015;7(3):284.
14. Zargooshi J. Sexual function and tunica albuginea wound healing following penile fracture: An 18‐year follow‐up study of 352 patients from Kermanshah, Iran. The journal of sexual medicine. 2009;6(4):1141-50.
15. Masarani M, Dinneen M. Penile fracture: diagnosis and management. Trends in Urology, Gynaecology & Sexual Health. 2007;12(5):20-4.
16. Falcone M, Garaffa G, Castiglione F, Ralph DJ. Current management of penile fracture: an up-to-date systematic review. Sexual medicine reviews. 2018;6(2):253-60.
17. El-Taher AM, Aboul-Ella HA, Sayed MA, Gaafar AA. Management of penile fracture. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2004;56(5):1138-40.
18. Walsh C. Urology//Review Elsevier-Health Sciences Division. Philadelphia United States. 2016.
19. Fergany AF, Angermeier KW, Montague DK. Review of Cleveland Clinic experience with penile fracture. Urology. 1999;54(2):352-5.
20. Gamal WM, Osman MM, Hammady A, Aldahshoury MZ, Hussein MM, Saleem M. Penile fracture: long-term results of surgical and conservative management. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2011;71(2):491-3.
21. Reis LO, Cartapatti M, Marmiroli R, Oliveira Júnior EJd, Saade RD, Fregonesi A. Mechanisms predisposing penile fracture and long-term outcomes on erectile and voiding functions. Advances in urology. 2014;2014.
22. Yapanoglu T, Aksoy Y, Adanur S, Kabadayi B, Ozturk G, Ozbey I. SURGERY: Seventeen Years' Experience of Penile Fracture: Conservative vs. Surgical Treatment. The journal of sexual medicine. 2009;6(7):2058-63.
23. Ateyah A, Mostafa T, Nasser TA, Shaeer O, Hadi AA, Abd Al-Gabbar M. Penile fracture: surgical repair and late effects on erectile function. The journal of sexual medicine. 2008;5(6):1496-502.
24. Koifman L, Barros R, Júnior RA, Cavalcanti AG, Favorito LA. Penile fracture: diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of 150 patients. Urology. 2010;76(6):1488-92.
25. El-Assmy A, El-Tholoth H, Abou-El-Ghar M, Mohsen T, Ibrahiem E. Risk factors of erectile dysfunction and penile vascular changes after surgical repair of penile fracture. International journal of impotence research. 2012;24(1):20-5.
26. Bryk DJ, Zhao LC. Guideline of guidelines: a review of urological trauma guidelines. BJU international. 2016;117(2):226-34.
27. Gross JA, Sandstrom CK, Robinson JD. Re: Urotrauma: AUA Guideline: AF Morey, S. Brandes, DD Dugi, III, JH Armstrong, BN Breyer, JA Broghammer, BA Erickson, J. Holzbeierlein, SJ Hudak, JH Pruitt, JT Reston, RA Santucci, TG Smith, III and H. Wessells J Urol 2014; 192: 327–335. The Journal of urology. 2015;193(3):1065-6.
28. Derouiche A, Belhaj K, Hentati H, Hafsia G, Slama M, Chebil M. Management of penile fractures complicated by urethral rupture. International journal of impotence research. 2008;20(1):111-4.
29. El-Assmy A, El-Tholoth HS, Mohsen T, El Housseiny II. Long-term outcome of surgical treatment of penile fracture complicated by urethral rupture. The journal of sexual medicine. 2010;7(11):3784-8.
- Abstract Viewed: 296 times
- pdf Downloaded: 175 times