In accordance with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations, all individuals designated as authors must meet all four criteria for authorship, and all those who meet these criteria should be identified as authors. Those who do not meet all four criteria should be acknowledged but not listed as authors.

Any changes in authorship (e.g., order, addition, or deletion of authors) after the initial submission must be approved by all authors through written confirmation. This is in line with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that all authors consent to the proposed changes.

In cases of disagreement among authors regarding authorship and when a satisfactory resolution cannot be reached, the authors must contact their institution(s) for assistance. It is not the journal editor’s responsibility to resolve authorship disputes.

Changes to authorship made after the publication of an article can only be rectified through the publication of an Erratum.