Probiotics as an Adjunct Therapy for Decreasing Gastrointestinal Complications from Chemoradiotherapy
Applied Food Biotechnology,
Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024),
26 October 2024
,
Page e6
https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v11i2.46338
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can cause diarrhea, which negatively affects the quality of life and willingness of patients to continue their treatment plans. In recent years, evidence have shown that the gut microbiome contributes to the development of these adverse effects as well as decreasing their severity. Probiotics have been shown to decrease treatment-related gastrointestinal symptoms. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host.
Results and Conclusion: This report assessed the effectiveness of various probiotic strains, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, in decreasing diarrhea associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Clinical trials have shown that certain probiotic formulations can decrease diarrhea occurrence and severity, decrease antidiarrheal medication needs and improve overall treatment tolerance. Despite these promising findings, further research is needed to optimize probiotic use in cancer therapy and fully understand how probiotics modulate gut health during chemotherapy. Therefore, probiotics can be used as an adjunctive treatment strategy in chemoradiotherapy cases to improve patient quality of life and clinical outcomes.
- Chemoradiotherapy
- Probiotics
- Cancer treatment
- Gut microbiota
- Diarrhea
How to Cite
References
Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, Soerjomataram I. The ever‐increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer. 2021;127(16):3029-30.https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33587
Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjo-mataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2024;74(3):229-63.https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21834
Chabner BA, Roberts Jr TG. Chemotherapy and the war on cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2005;5(1):65-72.https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1529
Katta B, Vijayakumar C, Dutta S, Dubashi B, Ramakr-ishnaiah VPN. The incidence and severity of patient-reported side effects of chemotherapy in routine clinical care: a prospective observational study. Cureus. 2023;15(4).https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38301
Hekmatshoar Y, Saadat YR, Khatibi SMH, Ozkan T, Vahed FZ, Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, et al. The impact of tumor and gut microbiotas on cancer therapy: Beneficial or detrimental? Life sciences. 2019;233:116680.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116680
Hamilton-Miller J, Gibson GR, Bruck W. Some insights into the derivation and early uses of the word ‘probiotic’. British Journal of Nutrition. 2003;90(4):845-.https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2003954
Quality AOotUNF, Service S, Production AOotUNP, Division P, Zoonoses WHOFSD, Diseases F, et al. FAO/WHO framework for the provision of scientific advice on food safety and nutrition: Food & Agriculture Org.; 2007.
Liu M, Chen J, Dharmasiddhi IPW, Chen S, Liu Y, Liu H. Review of the Potential of Probiotics in Disease Treatment: Mechanisms, Engineering, and Applications. Processes. 2024;12(2):316.https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12020316
Joint report FAO & WHO. Probiotics in Food Health and Nutritional Properties and Guidelines for Evaluation. 2006, Rome.
Benson III AB, Ajani JA, Catalano RB, Engelking C, Kornblau SM, Martenson Jr JA, et al. Recommended guidelines for the treatment of cancer treatment-induced diarrhea. J Clinic Oncol. 2004;22(14):2918-26.https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.04.132
Khorashadizadeh S, Abbasifar S, Yousefi M, Fayedeh F, Moodi Ghalibaf A. The Role of Microbiome and Probiotics in Chemo‐Radiotherapy‐Induced Diarrhea: A Narrative Rev-iew of the Current Evidence. Cancer Reports. 2024; 7(10): e70029.https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70029
Touchefeu Y, Montassier E, Nieman K, Gastinne T, Potel G, Bruley des Varannes S, et al. Systematic review: the role of the gut microbiota in chemotherapy- or radiation-induced gastrointestinal mucositis current evidence and potential clinical applications. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeut-ics. 2014;40(5):409-21.https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12878
Jian Y, Zhang D, Liu M, Wang Y, Xu ZX. The impact of gut microbiota on radiation-induced enteritis. Front Cell Infec Microb. 2021;11:586392.https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.586392
Kim YS, Kim J, Park S-J. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals alterations of mouse intestinal microbiota after radiotherapy. Anaerobe. 2015;33:1-7.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.01.004
Nam Y-D, Kim HJ, Seo J-G, Kang SW, Bae J-W. Impact of pelvic radiotherapy on gut microbiota of gynecological cancer patients revealed by massive pyrosequencing. PloS one. 2013;8(12):e82659.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082659
Sahly N, Moustafa A, Zaghloul M, Salem TZ. Effect of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome in pediatric cancer patients: A pilot study. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7683.https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7683
Kaufman P, O’Meara KE, Hawrelak J. Preventing chemo-therapy-induced diarrhea and microbiota imbalances with prebiotics and probiotics in breast cancer treatment: A case report. Gut Micro Rep. 2024;1(1):1-14.https://doi.org/10.1080/29933935.2024.2379475
Perles C. Le strategie alimentari nella preistoria. Storia Dell-alimentazione; Flandrin, J-L, Montanari, M, Eds. 1977:12-25.
Tissier H. Traitement des infections intestinales par la methode de transformation de la flore bacterienne de l'intestin. [S.l.]: [s.n.]; 1907.
Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. Probiotics: growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science. 1965;147(3659):747-8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3659.747
Fuller R. Probiotics in man and animals. J Appl Bacter. 1989; 66(5): 365-78.
De Vrese M, Schrezenmeir. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Food Biotechnol. 2008:1-66.https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2008_097
Chugh B, Kamal-Eldin A. Bioactive compounds produced by probiotics in food products. Current opinion in food science. 2020;32:76-82.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2020.02.003
Zhai Z, Dong W, Sun Y, Gu Y, Ma J, Wang B, et al. Vitamin–Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. Nutrients. 2022;14(16):3383.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163383
Zhang Q, Zhao Q, Li T, Lu L, Wang F, Zhang H, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum-derived indole-3-lactic acid amelior-ates colorectal tumorigenesis via epigenetic regulation of CD8+ T cell immunity. Cell Metabolism. 2023;35(6):943-60. e9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.015
Wiciński M, Gębalski J, Gołębiewski J, Malinowski B. Probiotics for the treatment of overweight and obesity in human: a review of clinical trials. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(8): 1148.https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081148
Naomi R, Embong H, Othman F, Ghazi HF, Maruthey N, Bahari H. Probiotics for Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):20.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010020
Zhou J, Li M, Chen Q, Li X, Chen L, Dong Z, et al. Programmable probiotics modulate inflammation and gut microbiota for inflammatory bowel disease treatment after effective oral delivery. Nature Communications. 2022; 13(1): 3432.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31171-0
Jiang B, Wei M, He Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wei H, et al. Antitumor effect of exopolysaccharide from Lactiplanti bacillus plantarum WLPL09 on melanoma mice via regulating immunity and gut microbiota. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2024;254:127624.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127624
Piewngam P, Zheng Y, Nguyen TH, Dickey SW, Joo H-S, Villaruz AE, et al. Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signalling interference. Nature. 2018;562(7728):532-7.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0616-y
Lee JY, Tsolis RM, Bäumler AJ. The microbiome and gut homeostasis. Science. 2022;377(6601):eabp9960.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp9960
Chin Fatt CR, Asbury S, Jha MK, Minhajuddin A, Sethuram S, Mayes T, et al. Leveraging the microbiome to understand clinical heterogeneity in depression: findings from the T-RAD study. Translational psychiatry. 2023;13(1):139.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02416-3
Stojanov S, Berlec A, Štrukelj B. The influence of probiotics on the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio in the treatment of obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(11): 1715.https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111715
Villar-García J, Güerri-Fernández R, Moya A, Gonzalez A, Hernandez JJ, Lerma E, et al. Impact of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the gut microbiome composition in HIV-treated patients: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. PloS one. 2017;12(4):e0173802.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173802
Kabbani TA, Pallav K, Dowd SE, Villafuerte-Galvez J, Vanga RR, Castillo NE, et al. Prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and amoxicillin-clavulanate or the combination on the gut microbiota of healthy volunteers. Gut microbes. 2017;8(1):17-32.https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2016.1267890
Al-zaidi RE, Al-Mozan HD, Alrikabi NJ. Eukaryotic probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii application in clinical trails: a review. Int J Pharm Qual Assur. 2020;11(1):163-8.https://doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.1.25
Österlund P, Ruotsalainen T, Korpela R, Saxelin M, Ollus A, Valta P, et al. Lactobacillus supplementation for diarrhoea related to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer: a randomised study. British journal of cancer. 2007;97(8):1028-34.https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603990
Linn YH, Thu KK, Win NHH. Effect of probiotics for the prevention of acute radiation-induced diarrhoea among cervical cancer patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins. 2019; 11: 638-47.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-018-9408-9
Demers M, Dagnault A, Desjardins J. A randomized double-blind controlled trial: impact of probiotics on diarrhea in patients treated with pelvic radiation. Clinical nutrition. 2014; 33(5): 761-7.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2013.10.015
Holma R, Korpela R, Sairanen U, Blom M, Rautio M, Poussa T, et al. Colonic methane production modifies gastrointestinal toxicity associated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2013;47(1):45-51.https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e3182680201
Chitapanarux I, Chitapanarux T, Traisathit P, Kudumpee S, Tharavichitkul E, Lorvidhaya V. Randomized controlled trial of live lactobacillus acidophilus plus bifidobacterium bifidum in prophylaxis of diarrhea during radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. Radiation Oncology. 2010;5:1-6.https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-717X-5-31
Delia P, Sansotta G, Donato V, Frosina P, Messina G, De Renzis C, et al. Use of probiotics for prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2007;13(6):912.https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i6.912
Urbancsek H, Kazar T, Mezes I, Neumann K. Results of a double-blind, randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Antibiophilus® in patients with radiation-induced diarrhoea. Europ J Gastro Hepatol. 2001;13(4):391-6.
Salminen E, Elomaa I, Minkkinen J, Vapaatalo H, Salminen S. Preservation of intestinal integrity during radiotherapy using live Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures. Clinical Radiol. 1988; 39(4): 435-7.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9260(88)80296-4
Mizutani Y, Kawamoto S, Takahashi M, Doi H, Wakida K, Tabuchi S, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Synbiotics in Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Trans-plantation: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controll-ed Pilot Study. Internal Medicine. 2023;62(20):2949-58.https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.1314-22
Wang J, Feng W, Zhang S, Chen L, Sheng Y, Tang F, et al. Ameliorative effect of Atractylodes macrocephala essential oil combined with Panax ginseng total saponins on 5-fluorouracil induced diarrhea is associated with gut microbial modulation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;238:111887.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111887
Ianiro G, Rossi E, Thomas AM, Schinzari G, Masucci L, Quaranta G, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Nature communications. 2020;11(1):4333.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18127-y
- Abstract Viewed: 293 times
- pdf Downloaded: 246 times