Preparation, Optimization, and in Vitro Evaluation of Alendronate Sodium Encapsulated Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Osteoporosis
International Pharmacy Acta,
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025),
6 April 2025
,
Page e1: 1-9
https://doi.org/10.22037/ipa.v8i1.46968
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare, optimize, and in vitro assessment of alendronate sodium (ALD) encapsulated poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles, which is prepared by W1/O/W2 solvent evaporation method for the first time to overcome the issues related with the treatment of osteoporosis. Nanoparticles loaded with ALD were synthesized by varying the volumes of the organic phase (O) and the water phase (W2), as well as the percentages of PVA and the quantities of PLGA. These parameters were optimized to assess their impact on encapsulation efficiency and loading percentage, employing a central composite experimental design (CCD) for the evaluation. Particle size, shape surface morphology, and in vitro drug release were assessed using the optimized formulation. A two-factor interaction (2FI) model was suggested to describe the relationships between the variables and EE %, while a quadratic regression model was suitable for loading percentage. The optimized formulation showed an average diameter of 236 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.06 %, encapsulation efficiency of 34.6%±2.26, and loading % of 23.9% ±1.32. The prepared nanoparticles had a spherical shape, and the in vitro drug release profile appeared biphasic, showing an initial burst release of 10.33% in the first hour, followed by a sustained release for up to 24 hours. The optimization of ALD-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, achieved by applying the central composite design (CCD) methodology, facilitated the forecasting of the characteristics of nanoparticles produced by the W1/O/W2 solvent evaporation process employing PLGA polymer. Consequently, this improved model presents significant prospects for application in a controlled release system, especially within the framework of osteoporosis treatment.
- Alendronate Sodium
- PLGA Nanoparticles
- Central Composite Design
- Loading Percentage
- Encapsulation efficiency
How to Cite
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