Investigating effective methods of immune induction as pre-exposure measures for rabies in immunocompromised patients: a mini-review
International Pharmacy Acta,
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023),
1 January 2023
,
Page e6: 1-11
https://doi.org/10.22037/ipa.v6i1.41253
Abstract
Background: Neurotropic rabies virus is the cause of fatal encephalitis. Due to the definite mortality of this disease, after symptoms appear, it is of great importance to implement appropriate prevention methods before and after exposure in rabid-bitten people. Knowing that the immune system plays a key role in preventing symptoms after taking efficient measures to control and prevent rabies, this issue becomes imperative in immunocompromised patients. This study has tried to compare all the effective methods of prevention before and after exposure in people with a weak immune system by reviewing various reliable articles and sources.
Methods: In this study, all articles were found online until March 2022 in English through several search engines, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar by searching the keywords immunodeficiency, HIV/AIDS, organ transplantation, bone marrow transplantation, and tumors. Malignancy and chemotherapy, hemodialysis, use of systemic corticosteroids, pregnancy alone, and also together with prevention methods before and after exposure to rabies were searched. All the articles related to the measures of controlling and preventing rabies in all healthy individuals and patients with underlying diseases, immunocompromised patients, and pregnant women were considered and analyzed. Methodological integrity was ensured by utilizing the Cochrane risk and bias assessment tool.
Results: Due to duplicate records, non-citability, and other reasons, 16 out of 60 extracted articles were excluded before the screening. Approximately 44 articles were screened, and all remaining reports were eligible for review. The most frequent methods found in the articles regarding prevention before and after exposure to rabies in individuals suffering from each of the mentioned diseases were investigated.
Conclusion: Paying attention to immunodeficient patients is highly imperative in the mechanisms of the health system. It can be said that since the rabies vaccine is an inactive one, it is safe to use in most immunocompromised cases
- Rabies Virus
- Vaccination
- Therapeutics
- Immunologic deficiency syndromes
How to Cite
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