Country Pharmaceutical Situation Based on World Health Organization Indicators: Evidence from an Upper-Middle Income Country
International Pharmacy Acta,
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022),
19 June 2022
,
Page e9:1-10
https://doi.org/10.22037/ipa.v5i1.36671
Abstract
Evaluating the performance of national authorities has a pivotal role in the development of evidence-based policymaking. Regarding the complexity of the pharmaceutical sector and its severe impacts on public health, Food and Drug Administrations' (FDA) performance should be evaluated at regular intervals. This study aims to depict a comprehensive picture of the Iranian pharmaceutical situation and its structural gaps. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, inspired by indicators proposed by the world health organization (WHO), a checklist was developed with six component topics and 239 indicators. These topics considered the existence and performance of six critical structures, including national drug policy (NDP), regulatory system, medicine supply system, medicine financing, production and trade, and rational use of drugs (RUD). Afterward, the translation validity and then face and content validity of the research tool was confirmed by relevant experts. The data were collected by referring to official documents, reports, and critical informants in the Iranian Food and Drug Administration (IRFDA). According to the WHO indicators, the scores for structures of IRFDA are 80% in NDP, 61.5% in the regulatory system, 64.7% in the medicines supply system, 84.8% in medicines financing, and 60% in production, and trade, and 71.7% in RUD. Considering the status of structures and processes, IRFDA should attempt to provide an action plan commensurate with the NDP. Besides, it should modify the regulations regarding its responsibilities and authorities, develop transparency and accountability in its offices, publish a national essential medicines list, and revise motivational and punitive policies to create RUD.
- Pharmaceutical Policy
- Systems Analysis
- World Health Organization
- supply and distribution
- Pharmaceutical Economics
How to Cite
References
Greener I. Performance In The National Health Service: The Insistence of Measurement and Confusion of Content. Public Perform Manag Rev. 2003;26(3):237–50.
No authors. The world health report 2000—Health systems: Improving performance, World Health Organization. Geneva; 2008. p. 1–215.
Morgan S, Kennedy J, Boothe K, McMahon M, Watson D, Roughead E. Toward an understanding of high performance pharmaceutical policy systems: a “Triple-A” framework and example analysis. Open Health Serv Policy J. 2009;2(1).
Precious M, German V. WHO Operational package for assessing, monitoring and evaluating country pharmaceutical situations. Geneva; 2007.
Hodgkin C, Carandang ED, Fresie DA, Hogerzeil HV, WHO Technical Report Series, Reich MR, et al. How to develop and implement. WHO South-East Asia J Public Heal [Internet]. 2015;24(1):1–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40199-016-0151-z%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12910-015-0075-z%0Ahttp://www.archivesofmedicine.com/medicine/improving-availability-and-accessibility-of-medicines-atool-for-increasing-healthcare-coverage.php?aid=7046%0Ahttp://hea
World Health Organization. How to develop and implement a national drug policy - 2nd ed. 2001;
Cheraghali AM, Nikfar S, Behmanesh Y, Rahimi V, Hibibipour F, Tirdad R, et al. Evaluation of availability, accessibility and prescribing pattern of medicines in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Heal J. 2004;10(3):406–15.
Sullivan-Bolyai S, Bova C, Singh MD. Data-collection methods. Nurs Res Canada-e-b Methods, Crit Apprais Util. 2014;287.
Organization WH, others. Country pharmaceutical situations: Fact Book on WHO Level 1 indicators. Ctry Pharm situations fact B WHO Lev 1 Indic 2007. 2010;
Egyptian MOH. Pharmaceutical Country Profile. PNG Heal Dep [Internet]. 2012;36. Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/final_pharmaceutical_country_profile_png.pdf
Närhi.Ulla. Finland Pharmaceutical Country Profile. 2011.
Lafta.Jamila. Iraq Pharmaceutical Country Profile. 2011.
Ministry of Health PNG. Uganda Pharmaceutical Country Profile. PNG Heal Dep [Internet]. 2011;36. Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/final_pharmaceutical_country_profile_png.pdf
Ministry of Health, World Health Organization. Portugal Pharmaceutical Country Profile. In 2011. Available from: https://digicollections.net/medicinedocs/documents/s19092en/s19092en.pdf
Jaffer.Sawsan. Oman Pharmaceutical Country Profile. 2011.
Health PNG. Pharmaceutical Country Profile. PNG Heal Dep [Internet]. 2012;36. Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/final_pharmaceutical_country_profile_png.pdf
Bawazir.Saleh. Saudi Arabia Pharmaceutical Country Profile. 2012.
Silberschmidt.G. Switzerland Pharmaceutical Country Profile. 2011.
Argentina Pharmaceutical Country Profile. 2010.
Vogler S, Martikainen JE. Pharmaceutical pricing in Europe. In: Pharmaceutical Prices in the 21st Century. 2015. p. 343–70.
Avalara. International VAT and GST rates for 2021 [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://www.avalara.com/vatlive/en/vat-rates/international-vat-and-gst-rates.html
Vogler S, Schmickl B, Zuidberg C, Zimmermann Vienna N. Rational Use of Medicines in Europe Executive Summary. 2010; Available from: www.goeg.at
- Abstract Viewed: 121 times
- IPA-2022-Vol5-e9 Downloaded: 208 times