Archives of Advances in Biosciences

Introduction: Today, cardiovascular disease is a major threat to advanced human societies, and is acting as a major cause of disability in many aspects of a patient and family members' lives, including their quality of life. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide models for classifying and determining the factors influencing the allocation of family-centered empowerment model to further improve the psychological quality of life of these patients.

 Materials and Methods: In this study, data from a clinical trial study were used in which 70 patients with myocardial infarction who randomly received a family-centered empowerment pattern and control group. A model of linear mixed effects and then learning algorithms were used to predict the success or failure of the empowerment model.

Results: In this study, the decision tree model was able to accurately predict more than 96% of patients (Kappa=0.828, ROC=0.96).  Physical functions, walking status, creatinine level, EF level, employment status, gender, stress level and body mass index were identified as the effective factors in assigning a family-centered empowerment pattern (P value <0.05). This process was done through software of SPSS24, SAS9.1 and WEKA 3.6.9

Conclusion: The decision tree model was able to correctly classify more than 96% of patients; if a family-centered empowerment model was assigned, this model would improve the psychological dimension of their quality of life.

Abstract

Introduction: MicroRNAs play a critical role in EMT regulation through tightly regulating the transcription factors. EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) in the colorectal cancer cell (CRC) is a highly controlled mechanism, contributing to the development of progressive cancer. Throughout this research, miR-200a/205 was focused as a component implicated throughout regulating the EMT process in colorectal cancer cells. In this sense, the induction of the EMT process was made using colorectal cancer cell lines.

Materials and Methods: The mRNA levels of E-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, Zeb1, and Snail were determined using real time-PCR for characterization of the EMT process. True real time-PCR was conducted for evaluating the alteration amount of microRNAs.

Results: The findings of this study verified the in-vitro EMT model being developed. The in vitro analysis revealed a negative correlation between the Zeb1 and Snail miR-200a and miR205 (P=0.001) (P=0.0001). The results of miR-200a and miR205 are regulated down in vitro.

Conclusion: miR-200a and miR205 may be used as candidates in further research to prevent colorectal cancer's invasive properties via the EMT process.

Introduction: Glaucium Flavum has recently been studied by researchers and pharmacists and has been attributed to its antioxidant, antiproliferative properties. The alkaloid compounds of this plant are also widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as decongestants and antitussives.

Materials and Methods: In this experiment, first, the cell class (A549) was cultured in DMEM culture medium containing 10% FBS and then treated with different concentrations of Glaucium Flavum. MTT assay was performed to determine IC50 and compare the viability percentage of treated cells with different concentrations of Glaucium Flavum on days 1, 3, and 5. The qRT-PCR test was used to investigate the effects of Glaucium Flavum with IC50 concentration on the induction of apoptosis, and expression of genes including P53, Bax, Bad, and Bcl2. Obtained results were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA test.

Results: MTT results showed that Glaucium Flavum causes cell death and reduces the viability of cancer cells, which was observed in the form of cell shrinkage, nucleus shrinkage, and chromatin density and determination of 10 μg/ml concentration as IC50 of A549 cells. An increase in the expression of Bax, P53 and bad apoptotic genes, and a decrease in the expression of the Bcl2 gene also indicate the induction of apoptotic death and the lethal effect of Glaucium Flavum.

Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that Glaucium Flavum, due to its rich content of alkaloid and antioxidant compounds, can be a good option to replace it with chemical drugs in the treatment of lung cancer.

Introduction: Friedrich Ataxia’s diagnosis is typically based on clinical symptoms and extended GAA repeats. However, in some rare cases the disease is caused as a result of the mutation in the exons of the FRDA (Friedreich's ataxia) gene. The current study aimed to examine point mutations in exon 1 of the FRDA gene with the goal of finding a better way for diagnosing people suspected of this disease.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 suspected patients of Friedrich Ataxia underwent PCR molecular test. Subsequently, sequencing and long PCR were utilized to assess exon 1 in five patients with extended repeats.

Results: In total, 25 participants who had extended repeats were diagnosed with Friedrich Ataxia. In one out of the five patients, the nucleotide change from G to T was observed in the nucleotide number 815324.

Conclusion: Since the change had a heterozygous nature, it did not cause any deficiency in Frataxin protein. Given that family marriages are prevalent in Iran, there is a possibility of homozygosity with this mutation or other mutations. It is thus recommended that gene sequencing should be performed for individuals with suspected Friedrich Ataxia.

Introduction:  One of the new fields of study is Neuroeconomics which investigates the effect of human brain on economic decision makings. In the current study, economic decision making was examined, using the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game among females followed by electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis.

Materials and Methods: Female participants were chosen based on their ability of making rational decision examined in Prisoner’s Dilemma Game for each group. Based on the data obtained from the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game, two groups existed: one includes female with good decision making in economic field in Prisoner’s Dilemma Test and group 2 consists of females who did not chose appropriate economic decision during the game.   Also EEG analysis was performed at the end of EEG recording, participates were asked if they feel utility about their economic decision making in their entire life or not.

Results: The current results showed that the Economic Decision-Making Utility was more in group with better economic decision in Prisoner’s Dilemma Game. EEG analysis shows that Alpha/Beta ratio is %16.5 and Theta/Beta ratio is %12.5 less in group 2 who stayed silent and did not betray other suspect (***P<0.001).

Conclusion: According to the current data, utility about economic decisions may affect decision-making  and EEG or vice versa, as Alpha/Beta and Theta/Beta ratio are less in the group who stayed silent and did not betray other suspect.

Introduction: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) were introduced as a different carrier system from emulsions, liposomes, and polymer nanoparticles. Physico-chemical characteristics and stability of drugs that are loaded on SLNs, depends on the properties of drugs and components used in it.

Materials and Methods: In this study, qualitative assessment was performed by GS/MS and UV-VIS to identify compounds in the essential oil of Citrus Aurantifolia. In a part of the research, the type of lipid phase and surfactant that was used to prepare the formulations of nanoparticles containing essential oil. Also, particle size, PDI, Zeta potential, Entrapment efficiency were analyzed. The best formulation of Lim-SLNs was released based on the physicochemical properties and finally, the antifungal activity of Citrus Aurantifolia Skin Essential Oil (CASEO) loaded in SLN compared with Clotrimazole and CASEO was investigated using MIC test against Malassezia fungus.

Results: The results of the GC/MS showed that the main component of CASEO included Limonene, α-Terpinene, Trenlene and α-Terpineal. Also, the best formulation of LIM-SLN14 with glycerol monostearate lipid phase had more release than the LIM-SLN10 formulation of stearic acid lipid phase. CASEO loaded in lipid lymphatic nanoparticles at 0.008% tuberosity of CASEO inhibited 90% of malassezia furfur. Our results confirmed that CASEO with a guide of SLNs has a good antifungal effect.

Conclusion: These findings are important because frequent usage of antifungal drugs leads to adverse effects; therefore, the antifungal substances extracted from plants are new, more effective, and act as specific solutions for the development of anti-malassezia drugs.

Introduction: Atypical presentations in hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection are uncommonly encountered; nevertheless, they may lead to serious clinical complications. The present study reported the frequency of atypical presentations among children with acute HAV infection in south-east of Iran.

Materials and Methods: This prospective (cohort) study was conducted in the gastroenterology clinic of Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital (Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran). A total of 294 children with positive anti-HAV IgM test were enrolled during 2015-2018. They were prospectively monitored for the incidence of any atypical presentation.

Results: Out of 294 children, 152 (51.7%) were males, and the mean age was 7.3±3.5. Nausea and vomiting (41.8%) constituted the most frequent clinical presentations. Overall, atypical presentations were observed in 38 (12.8%). The atypical presentations included autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (15, 5.1%), pancytopenia (11, 3.7%), non-immune hemolytic anemia (5, 1.7%), Wilson disease (3, 1%), prolonged cholestasis (3, 1%), and gallbladder hydrops (1, 0.3%). The mean level of alanine aminotransferase at diagnosis was significantly lower in patients with atypical presentations compared with those without such complications (801.28±986.61 vs. 1119.09±1109.98 IU/l, P=0.01). Patients with atypical manifestations also had significantly lower levels of total bilirubin (3.77±2.88 vs. 5.57±5.28 mg/dl, P=0.03) and direct bilirubin (2.03±2.06 vs. 2.91±3.20 mg/dl, P=0.04).

Conclusion: Atypical manifestations are relatively common among children with acute HAV infection and should be routinely screened. With timely and appropriate interventions, clinical outcomes may not be significantly different from patients with typical presentation.

Context: Findings have been perceived that only fewer children face COVID-19 and among infected, they have fewer violent signs. Being less severity among children could be significant for meditating therapeutics for high-risk adults and the elderly.

 Evidence Acquisition: This study reviewed the main associated symptoms related to COVID-19 such as epidemiologic, laboratory-related, and therapeutic aspects among pediatric patients. In this narrative review, the most recent reproduced data on pediatric patients’ clinical revelation with COVID-19 have been considered and reviewed.

Results: All ages of pediatric patients were susceptible against the COVID-19. There wasn’t any significant sex difference. Asymptomatic, mild, or moderate signs were reported in more than 90% of all patients. Although pediatric patients clinical appearance of COVID-19 was commonly less severe compare to adult patients, young pediatric patients, exclusively infants, were vulnerable to infection.

Conclusion: It is important that clinicians must be informed of possible clinical manifestations of pediatric patients ’COVID-19 cases to avoid neglecting or overdiagnosis of patients. As well as, this review provided strong documents of human-to-human transmission.