واکاوی گستره اباحه مهندسي ژنتيک انساني (پزشکي و غير پزشکي) از منظر فقه امامیه
مجله علمی - پژوهشی فقه پزشکی,
دوره 13 شماره 43 (1400),
23 تیر 2021
,
صفحه 1-15
https://doi.org/10.22037/mfj.v13i43.35271
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: پديده زيست فناوري ژنتيک انساني که با هدف دفع شر و بدی انسان، ساختن جامعه مطلوب و دستيابي به پيشرفتهاي مهم دانش و معرفت بشري انجام ميپذيرد، در گزارههاي ابتدايي فقهي فاقد ممنوعيت است. اما گستره آن به جهت تنيدگي این دانش بشری با اخلاق و شئونات انساني، به دلیل انجام نیافتن پژوهشی يکپارچه، چندان روشن نميباشد. ازاينرو پرسش از گستره جواز استفاده اين دانش بشري، موضوعي است که نيازمند کاوش تا مرحله حصول پاسخي شايسته ميباشد. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا گستره مجاز مهندسي ژنوم انساني را مورد شناسايي و بررسي قرار دهد.
مواد و روشها: مقاله حاضر به روش توصيفي تحليلي و با بهرهگبري از دادههاي کتابخانهاي اعم از حقيقي و مجازي به نگارش در آمده است. به اين ترتيب که نخست ديدگاههاي پيرامون پذيرش و عدم پذيرش انجام مهندسي ژنتيک، به منزله يکي از مسائل مستحدثه و عناوين ثانويه فقه پوياي اسلامي طرح و سپس به روش تحليلي امکان پذيرش ديدگاه انجام آن در پرتو ادله فقهي و عقلي بررسي و با مداقه در ادله يادشده و بر پايه آنها، گستره پذيرش جواز اين دانش بشري مورد سنجش قرار ميگيرد.
نتیجهگیری: فقها و اندیشمندان دینی نسبت به پدیده زیست فناوری ژنتیک انسانی، رويکرد يکساني ندارند. اما از تحليل و بررسی مستندات آنان در چارچوب ادله فقهي و عقلي، چنین برمیآید که دلایل پیروان اباحه این دانش بشری، استوارتر است. مشروط به اين که انجام آن، افزون بر نزديک نشدن به مرزهاي فقهي و عقلايي اتلاف، اضرار، تنقيص و ...، تنها در گستره بهرهوري و تسخير پدیدههای هستی رخ دهد و به منزله ابزارهای نقشآفرین جریان خلقت برای ایجاد رفاه اجتماعی و راحتی زندگی بشر و رهاندن آفريدگان الهي از تنگناهاي موجود در مسير حرکت تکاملي باشد.
- انسان؛ ژنتیک؛ ژنتیک انسانی؛ امامیه
ارجاع به مقاله
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