معاملات افراد دارای اختلال روانی اضطراب اجتماعی در فقه اسلامی و حقوق ایران
مجله علمی - پژوهشی فقه پزشکی,
دوره 16 شماره 46 (1403),
18 May 2024
,
صفحه 1-17
https://doi.org/10.22037/mfj.v16i46.46780
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: قصد انشاء، نقطه اوج رضایت نفسانی در عقد است و قانون گذار یکی از شروط صحت معاملات را، وجود قصد بر تحقق آن به همراه ابراز صریح از جانب متعاقدین قرار داده است؛ اما امروزه، اختلالهای روانی بسیاری وجود دارد که با تأثیرگذاری بر قصد و اراده متعاملین، آن را از دایره اعتبار حقوقی خارج می سازد. اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی، یک اختلال روانی است، که ترس از ارزیابی منفی دیگران، اصلی ترین عامل ایجاد آن است و این عامل، سبب مختل شدن کارکردهای شناختی شده و در موارد شدید ممکن است تصمیم گیری فرد را دچار اختلال نماید. در این پژوهش به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش هستیم که وضعیت صحت معاملات افراد دارای اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی چگونه است؟
مواد و روشها: پژوهش پیشرو موضوع را از دیدگاه فقهی و بر اساس شیوه توصیفی ـ تحلیلی مورد بررسی قرار داده و دادههای آن با روش کتابخانهای جمعآوری گردیده است؛ منابع اصلی این پژوهش، کتب و مقالات فقهی است و در موضوع روانی از منابع روان شناسی نیز استفاده شده است.
نتیجه گیری: هیجانات منفی و نشخوار فکری پس از رویداد در بیماران دارای اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی در سطح بالا، فرد را از موقعیت معاملهای که در آن قرار دارد، خارج ساخته و این عامل، سبب فقدان تعادل و ثبات در رفتار و تصمیم گیری می شود؛ ازاین رو، معاملات این بیماران در فرض اثبات عدم قصد انشاء، محکوم به بطلان خواهد بود؛ اما در سطح اضطراب اجتماعی قابل کنترل، اصل بر صحت است.
- اختلال روانی، اضطراب اجتماعی، معامله، فقه اسلامی، حقوق ایران
ارجاع به مقاله
مراجع
Association AP. What are anxiety disorders? American Psychiatric Association. 2022. 1. [In English]
Hickman CME, Pihkala P, Clayton S, et al. "Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey". Lancet Planetary Health. 2021. 5(12): 73. [In English]
Hajebi A, Motevalian SA, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Sharifi V, Amin-Esmaeili M, Radgoodarzi R, et al. “Major anxiety disorders in Iran: prevalence, sociodemographic correlates and service utilization”. BMC Psychiatry. 2018(1396). 18(1):261. [In Persian]
Nadri M, Sadeghi M, Rezaei F. “Presenting a causal model of social anxiety disorder based on primary maladaptive schemas and childhood traumas with the mediating role of emotional coping strategy”. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences. 2022. 12(2):49-72. [In English]
Mehraban M, Ismaili M, Hajitabar Firuz Jani H. “Lack of discernment and willpower when committing a crime and its effects; a comparative study of Islamic religions”. Scientific and Research Journal of Medical Jurisprudence. 2024(1402). 15(45):1-16. [In Persian]
Heydarizadeh N, Farjalehi M, Ismaili Z. “Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of social anxiety disorder in students of Kermanshah city: a cross-sectional study”. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2017(1395). 13(1):52-9. [In Persian]
Clark DA, Beck AT. “Cognitive theory and therapy of anxiety and depression: Convergence with neurobiological findings”. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2010. 14(9):418-24. [In English]
Deng X, Chen X, Zhang L, Gao Q, Li X, An S. “Adolescent social anxiety undermines adolescent-parent interbrain synchrony during emotional processing: a hyperscanning study”. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. 2022. 22(3):100329. [In English]
Spence SH, Rapee RM. “The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model”. Behaviour research and therapy. 2016. 86:50-67. [In English]
Craven M. Effects of self-focused attention and fear of evaluation on anxiety and perception of speech performance. Ohio university. 2015. 6. [In English]
Gray E, Beierl ET, Clark DM. “Sub-types of safety behaviours and their effects on social anxiety disorder”. Plos one. 2019. 14(10): e0223165. [In English]
Adams GC, Wrath AJ, Mondal P, Asmundson GJ. “Depression with or without comorbid social anxiety: Is attachment the culprit?”. Psychiatry Research. 2018. 269:86-92. [In English]
Nathan P, Phan L, Fitzgerald D, Tancer M. Studying brain activity could aid diagnosis of social phobia. Science Daily. 2006. 1. [In English]
Pinto-Gouveia J, Castilho P, Galhardo A, Cunha M. Early maladaptive schemas and social phobia. Cognitive therapy and research. 2006. 30:571-575. [In English]
Kessing LV. “Depression and the risk for dementia”. Current opinion in psychiatry. 2012. 25(6):457-61. [In English]
Olazaran J, Hernández-Tamames JA, Molina E, Garcia-Polo P, Dobato JL, Álvarez-Linera J, et al. “Clinical and anatomical correlates of gait dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease”. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2013. 33(2):495-505. [In English]
Abbott MJ, Rapee RM. “Post-event rumination and negative self-appraisal in social phobia before and after treatment”. Journal of abnormal psychology. 2004. 113(1):136. [In English]
Nolen-Hoeksema S. “Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes”. Journal of abnormal psychology. 1991. 100(4):569. [In English]
Ismailpour, Kh, Pak, J. “Investigating the relationship between self-focused attention and symptoms of social anxiety disorder through rumination”. Quarterly Journal of New Ideas in Psychology. 2021(1399). 10(14):1-10. [In Persian]
Papageorgiou C, Wells A. Depressive rumination: Nature, Theory and Treatment. Wiley Online Library. 2004. 9-23. [In English]
Ryan ND. Treatment of depression in children and adolescents. The Lancet. 2005. 366(9489):933-40. [In English]
Nell RD. Stress, coping resources and adjustment of married mothers in the teaching profession. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. 2005. 78. [In English]
Luṭfī M & Amīnī M. Āyā Iẓṭirāb Ijtimāʿī Ṭabīʿī Ast Yā Ghiyriṭabīʿī. Tehran: Ārāmish. 2010(1390). [In Persian]
Stein MB, Stein DJ. “Social anxiety disorder”. The Lancet. 2008. 371(9618):1115-25. [In English]
American Psychiatric Publishing. Ananth Mahesh, In defense of an evolutionary concept of health nature, norms, and human biology. Philosophy. 2014. 39(6): 683-724. [In English]
Demir T, Karacetin G, Demir DE, Uysal O. “Prevalence and some psychosocial characteristics of social anxiety disorder in an urban population of Turkish children and adolescents”. European Psychiatry. 2013. 28(1):64-9. [In English]
Wong N, Sarver DE, Beidel DC. “Quality of life impairments among adults with social phobia: The impact of subtype”. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2012. 26(1):50-7. [In English]
Asadi H, Mohammadi M, Naziri G. Challenges and patterns of integrative treatment based on acceptance and commitment in social anxiety disorder. 2020(1399). 90. [In Persian]
O’Toole MS, Zachariae R, Mennin DS. “Social anxiety and emotion regulation flexibility: Considering emotion intensity and type as contextual factors”. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. 2017(1395). 30(6):716-24. [In Persian]
Wenzlaff RM, Wegner DM. “Thought suppression”. Annual review of psychology. 2000. 51(1): 59-91. [In English]
Fink M, Akimova E, Spindelegger C, Hahn A, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. “Social anxiety disorder: epidemiology, biology and treatment”. Psychiatria Danubina. 2009. 21(4):533-42. [In English]
Kring A, Johnson S, Davison G, Neale J. Abnormal Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. 2010. 371-368. [In English]
Beidel DC, Turner SM. Shy children, phobic adults. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 1998. 37. [In English]
Hezaveh F & Rabat Milli, S. “The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological flexibility and behavioral inhibition of adolescents with social anxiety disorder”. Journal of Health Promotion Management (JHPM). 2019(1397). 8. [In Persian]
Rezai M, Farhadi A & Guderzi K. “Comparing the effectiveness of social skills training and group therapy based on commitment and acceptance on self-esteem and social anxiety disorder of employees”. Yafteh. 2020(1399). 22(3):23-33. [In Persian]
van Honk J, Bos PA, Terburg D, Heany S & Stein DJ. “Neuroendocrine models of social anxiety disorder”. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2015. 17(3):287-93. [In English]
Basaknejad S, Moini N & Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M. “The relationship between post-event processing and cognitive avoidance with social anxiety in college students”. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2011(1389). 4(335-340):337. [In Persian]
Calvete E, Orue I, Hankin BL. “Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of anxious automatic thoughts”. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2013. 27(3):278-88. [In English]
Masoudnia E. “Investigating the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety in undergraduate students. 2009. [In English]
Xin S, Peng H, Sheng L. “Changes of social anxiety in Chinese adolescents during 2002-2020: An increasing trend and its relationship with social change”. Children and Youth Services Review. 2022. 142:106614. [In English]
Dawoodi I, Salahian A & Veysi F. Social anxiety and fear of positive evaluation. Mazandaran Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012(1390). 22:83. [In Persian]
Melo RD, Schreuder MJ, Groen RN, Sarsembayeva D, Hartman CA. “Reward sensitivity across the lifespan in males and females and its associations with psychopathology”. Personality and Individual Differences. 2023. (1)204:112041. [In English]
Hammond DC. “Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders”. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics. 2005. 14(1):105-23. [In English]
Ketayun T, Milad B, Mina GJ, Ansari Haghighi F, Amujavadi Langroudi F. “The effect of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment on feelings of loneliness and social adjustment of girls with social anxiety disorder”. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing (IJPN). 2021(1399). 9(1):32-42. [In Persian]
Dryman MT, Gardner S, Weeks JW, Heimberg RG. “Social anxiety disorder and quality of life: How fears of negative and positive evaluation relate to specific domains of life satisfaction”. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2016. 38:1-8. [In English]
Baldwin DS, Asakura S, Koyama T, Hayano T, Hagino A, Reines E, et al. “Efficacy of escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis versus placebo”. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016. 26(6):1062-9. [In English]
Jahdi R & Badri Gargari, R. “Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of interventions based on acceptance and commitment on social anxiety”. Social Psychology Research. 2023(1401). 13(50):57-76. [In Persian]
Ḥillī, Ḥ. Tadhkirat al-Fuqahā. Qum: Ahl al-Bayt. 1992 (1412). 14:201. [In Arabic]
Ḥillī, Ḥ. Qawāʿid al-Aḥkām Fī Maʿrifat al-Ḥalāl Wa al-Ḥarām. Qum: Nashr Islāmī.1992 (1413). 3: 628. [In Arabic]
Shahīd Thānī. al-Ruwḍat al-Bahīyyat Fī Sharḥ al-Lumʿat al-Damishqīyyat.. Qum: Maktabat al-Dāwarī. 1989 (1410). 4: 148 & 3:155. [In Arabic]
Ṭāramīyān F, Māhjūyī M & Fatḥī T. Mahārathāyi Zindigī. Tehran: Tarbiyat. 1999(1378). 67. [In Persian]
Hollander E, Simeon D. Concise guide to anxiety disorders: American Psychiatric Pub. 2008. 652. [In English]
Akbari M, Farokhzad P & Abolmaali Alhosseini K. “Modeling of Social Anxiety based on Brain-Behavioral Systems, Attachment to Parents and Peers and Social Self-Efficacy mediated by Emotion Control among Adolescents”. Rooyesh. 2023. 12(5). 86. [In English]
Petty RE, Wegener DT. Thought systems, argument quality, and persuasion. measurement. 1991.103:299-3f4. 238. [In English]
Şafāyī SḤ. Ḥuqūq Shahrwandī. Tehran: Mīzān. 2006(1384). 239. [In Persian]
Kāshif al-Ghiṭā, M. Kashf al-Ghiṭā ʿAn Mubhamāt al-Sharīʿat. Qum: Būstān Kitāb. 2001(1422). 338. [In Arabic]
Khomeini, SR. Taḥrīr al-Wasīlat. Np: al-Adab. 1970(1349). [In Arabic]
[48]; 14: 201 & 202. [In Arabic]
Khānsārī, A. Jāmiʿ al-Madārik fī Sharḥ Mukhtaşar al-Nāfiʿ. Qum: Ismāʿīlīyān. 1985(1405). 3:335. [In Arabic]
Fāḍil Maqdād. Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān. Qum: Murtaḍāʾī. 2004(1425). 2:103. [In Arabic]
Narāqī, A. ʿAwāʾid al-Ayyām. Qum: Daftar Tablīghāt Islāmī. 1996(1417). 160 & 179. [In Arabic]
Fāḍil Muwaḥid Lankarānī, M. Tafşīl al-Sharīʿat. Qum: Fiqh Aʾimih Aṭhār. 2000(1421). 313. [In Arabic]
Jaʿfarī Langirūdī, MJ. Majmūʿih Muḥshā Qānūn Madanī. Tehran: Ganj Dānish. 2000(1379). 4:259. [In Persian]
Ibn Manẓūr, M. Lisān al- ʿArab. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. 1994(1414). 3:353. [In Arabic]
Īrawānī, A. Ḥāshīyat al-Makāsib. Tehran: Wizārat Farhang wa Irshād Islāmī. 1985(1406). 1:107. [In Arabic]
Ahangaran MR. “A new look at the rule of "subordination of contract to intention" with an emphasis on its applications in Islamic banking”. Knowledge of Islamic economics. 2013(1391). 9(5):158-77. [In Persian]
Shahīdī M. Tashkīl Qarārdādhā wa Taʿahudāt. Tehran: Ḥuqūqdān. 1377(1998). [In Persian]
[50]; 3:155 & 4:148. [In Arabic]
Anşārī, SM. Makāsib. Qum: Majmaʿ Fikr Islāmī. 2006(1427). 3: 112. [In Arabic]
Yousefi M & Razmezansa’atchi L. “Conceptualization of will and discrimination: a neuropsychological approach”. Journal of medical law. 2022(1400). 57(16). [In Persian]
Khoei, SA. Mişbāḥ al-Fiqāhat. Qum: Anşārīyān. 1996(1417). [In Arabic]
Makārim Shīrāzī, N. Anwār al-Fiqāhat. Kitāb al-Bayʿ. Qum: ʾAmīr al-Muʾminīn. 1990(1411). 3:418 & 419. [In Persian]
[72]; 3:418. [In Persian]
Bujnūrdī, Ḥ. al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhīyyat. Qum: al-Hādī. 1998(1419). 136. [In Arabic]
ʿĀmilī, M. Miftāḥ al-Kirāmah fī Sharḥ Qawāʿid al-ʿAllāmah. Beirut: Npn. Nd. 4:174 & 16:41. [In Arabic]
Muḥammadī, A. Qawāʿid Fiqh. Tehran: Mīzān. 1995(1374). 99. [In Persian]
Nāʾīnī, M. Munīyyat al-Ṭālib. Qum: Nashr Islāmī. 1998 (1418). 1:380. [In Arabic]
Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī, J. Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām Fī Masāʿil al-Ḥalāl Wa al-Ḥarām. Tehran: Istiqlāl. 1988(1409). 3:670. [In Arabic]
Imāmī, SḤ. Ḥuqūq Madanī. Tehran: Islīmī. 1993(1413). 1:184. [In Persian]
Kātūzīyān, N. ʿUqūd Muʿayyan. Tehran: Burnā. 1999(1378). 2:28. [In Persian]
Muḥaqqiq Dāmād SM, et al. Ḥuqūq Qarārdādhā. Tehran: Samt. 2001(1379). [In Persian]
Hamidānī, R. Ḥāshīyat al-Makāsib. Qum: Riḍā Hamidānī. 1999(1420). 159. [In Arabic]
Zirāʿat, ʿA. Darshāyī az Ḥuqūq Jazā ʿUmūmī. Tehran: Andīshih Ḥuqūqī. 2011(1390). 29-32. [In Persian]
Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment. Oxford University Press, USA; 2004. 216. [In English]
Fassett-Carman A, Hankin BL, Snyder HR. “Appraisals of dependent stressor controllability and severity are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in youth”. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. 2019. 32(1): 32-49. [In English]
Amulī MT. Durr al-Fawāʾid. Qum: Ismāʿīlīyān. Nd. 2:78. [In Arabic]
[56]; 338. [In Arabic]
Muẓaffar, M. Uşūl al-Fiqh. Qum: Islāmī. 2009 (1430). 3: 93. [In Arabic]
[71]; 136. [In Arabic]
al-Zamakhsharī, M. Asās al-Bilāghat. Lebanon: Npn. 2006(1385). 1:169. [In Arabic]
Rezaee M, Farhadi A & Goodarzi K. “Comparison the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy and Social Skills Training on Self-Esteem and Social Phobia Disorder”. scientific magazine yafte. 2020(1399). 22(3):23-33. [In Persian]
Hamdani HN. 2024. Referendum No. 57255. Available from: https://noorihamedani.ir.istifta [In Persian]
[59]; 160 & 179 & 180. [In Persian]
Fāḍil Maqdād. Kanz al- ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān. Qum: Murtaḍāʾī. 2005(1425). 2:103. [In Arabic]
Ibn Ḥamzat, M. al-Wasīlat ʾIlā Niyl al-Faḍīlat. Qum: Āyatullāh Marʿashī. 1987(1408). 235. [In Arabic]
Ardibīlī, A. Zubdat al-Bayān. Qum: Tibyān. 2009(1387). 9:225. [In Arabic]
Ṭūsī, M. al-Mabsūṭ Fī Fiqh al-Imāmīyyat. Tehran: al-Maktabat al-Murtaḍawīyyat. 2008(1387). 2:286. [In Arabic].
ʿĀmilī, SJ. Miftāḥ al-Kirāmāt. Beirut: Npn. Nd. 4: 174 & 16:41. [In Arabic]
Ibn Muskūyih, A. Tahdhib al-Akhlāq wa Ṭathīr al-ʾAʿrāq. Qum: Bīdār. 1987(1405). 51. [In Arabic]
Baḥrānī, Y. al-Ḥadāʾiq al-Nāḍirat fī Aḥkām al-ʿItrah al-Ṭāhirah. Qum: Nashr Islāmī.1984(1405). 20:351. [In Persian]
Sabziwārī, SʿA. (1992). Kifāyat al-Aḥkām. Qum: Intishārāt Islāmī.. 2002(1423). 1:582. [In Arabic]
Modaresi, K. referendum. 2024.Available from: https://smodaresi.ir
Hertel PT, Brozovich F, Joormann J, Gotlib IH. “Biases in interpretation and memory in generalized social phobia”. Journal of abnormal psychology. 2008. 117(2):278. [In English]
Ibn Taymīyyat, A. al-Fatāwā. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Kurdistān. 1995(1326). 3:236. [In Arabic]
Duzduzani Tabrizi SY. code 32071, referendum Available from: htpp://duzduzani.ir
- چکیده مشاهده شده: 39 بار
- pdf دانلود شده: 18 بار