بررسی طلق (درد زایمان) و آثار آن در تصرفات زن از دیدگاه مذاهب خمسه بررسی طلق (درد زایمان) و آثار آن در تصرفات زن از دیدگاه مذاهب خمسه
مجله علمی - پژوهشی فقه پزشکی,
دوره 13 شماره 43 (1400),
23 June 2021
,
صفحه 1-14
https://doi.org/10.22037/mfj.v13i43.35657
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: فقهای مسلمان در زمینه پذیرش درد زایمان به عنوان مرضی که دارای آثار فقهی باشد اختلاف نظر دارند؛ علاوه بر اصل پذیرش درد زایمان به عنوان یک مرض، نفوذ تصرفات مالی زن در زمان دچار شدن به درد زایمان محل تأمل و بررسی است. بنابراین در مورد درد زایمان دو مسئلۀ فقهی قابل طرح است یکی اینکه آیا طلق در فقه امامیه و اهل سنت مرض محسوب میشود و دوم اینکه آیا طلق همچون امراض دیگر منشأ ترتب آثار مالی است؟
مواد و روشها: این نوشتار با روش توصیفی تحلیلی به گردآوری و بررسی نظرات و فتاوی فقهای امامیه و اهل سنت در ارتباط با درد زایمان و آثار تصرفات مالی مترتب بر آن پرداخته است.
یافتهها: درخصوص تصرفات زن در مدت حمل سه نظریه وجود دارد؛ مشهور فقهای امامیه، حنفیه، شافعیه و حنابله جواز تصرفات زن در زمان درد زایمان را محدود به ثلث میدانند. برخی از فقها قائل به جواز تصرف او از اصل مال هستند. عدهای دیگر تصرفات قبل از زایمان و بعد از آن را از اصل مال و تصرفات همزمان با درد زایمان را از یک سوم محاسبه میکنند. از آنجا که تشخیص مصادیق مرضالموت امری عرفی است، نظر متخصصین علم پزشکی و آمار مرگ و میر مادران در دوران حاملگی و درد زایمان دقیقتر است. لذا در صورتی که گزارش این دو، خوف از مرگ برای مادران را موجه بداند تصرفات زن در این مدت محدود به ثلث میشود.
- تصرفات منجز، مرض طلق، مریض، مذاهب خمسه
ارجاع به مقاله
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