Prevalence of Atypical Infections in Male Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain
Archives of Men's Health,
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022),
1 January 2022
,
Page e6
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v6i1.37739
Abstract
Introduction: Atypical infections are often considered as a potential etiology for men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). We aimed to describe the prevalence of atypical infections in this patient population to inform clinical management for male patients complaining of pelvic pain. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients at a single center from January 2016 to January 2019. We included patients with CP/CPPS Type III diagnosed with pelvic or genital pain in the absence of bacterial infection. All patients underwent an atypical infection panel. The primary outcome measure was the presence of any atypical infection. Results: In total, 345 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 9/345 (2.6%) had an atypical infection (5 mycoplasma and 4 ureaplasma). The mean age of patients with positive atypical infections was 34 compared to the overall study population (44 years, P=0.01). Two patients with atypical infections were also followed for infertility. Urinalysis was available for 6 of the 9 patients with positive atypical infection: 50% (3 out of 6) were normal and 50% (3 out of 6) had >5 WBC/hpf. Symptoms resolved in 66% (2 out of 3) of the patients with positive atypical infection with available follow-up data. Conclusion: Atypical infectious agents were uncommon causes of CP/CPPS. Screening for atypical microbes such as chlamydia, ureaplasma, or mycoplasma may not be necessary for male patients complaining of pelvic or genital pain.
- chronic pelvic pain syndrome
- atypical infections
- chronic prostatitis
- pelvic pain
How to Cite
References
Collins MM, Stafford RS, O'LEARY MP, Barry MJ. How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits. The Journal of urology. 1998;159(4):1224-8.
Gonçalves MSM. Prostate Gland Infections and Inflammation: Universidade da Beira Interior (Portugal); 2019.
Krieger JN, Nyberg Jr L, Nickel JC. NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis. Jama. 1999;282(3):236-7.
Litwin MS, McNaughton-Collins M, Fowler FJ, Nickel JC, Calhoun EA, Pontari MA, et al. The National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index: development and validation of a new outcome measure. The Journal of urology. 1999;162(2):369-75.
Polackwich A, Shoskes D. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a review of evaluation and therapy. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. 2016;19(2):132-8.
Schaeffer EM. Re: Contemporary Management of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. The Journal of urology. 2017;197(5):1275-6.
Breser ML, Salazar FC, Rivero VE, Motrich RD. Immunological mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain and prostate inflammation in chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Frontiers in Immunology. 2017:898.
Nickel JC, Alexander RB, Schaeffer AJ, Landis JR, Knauss JS, Propert KJ, et al. Leukocytes and bacteria in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome compared to asymptomatic controls. The Journal of urology. 2003;170(3):818-22.
Leskinen MJ, Rantakokko‐Jalava K, Manninen R, Leppilahti M, Marttila T, Kylmälä T, et al. Negative bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) findings in prostate tissue from patients with symptoms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) and localized prostate cancer. The Prostate. 2003;55(2):105-10.
Krieger JN, Riley DE, Roberts MC, Berger RE. Prokaryotic DNA sequences in patients with chronic idiopathic prostatitis. Journal of clinical microbiology. 1996;34(12):3120-8.
Riley DE, Berger RE, Miner DC, Krieger JN. Diverse and related 16S rRNA-encoding DNA sequences in prostate tissues of men with chronic prostatitis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1998;36(6):1646-52.
Tanner MA, Shoskes D, Shahed A, Pace NR. Prevalence of corynebacterial 16S rRNA sequences in patients with bacterial and “nonbacterial” prostatitis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1999;37(6):1863-70.
KRIEGER JN, RILEY DE, VESELLA RL, MINER DC, ROSS SO, LANGE PH. Bacterial DNA sequences in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer and chronic prostatitis. The Journal of urology. 2000;164(4):1221-8.
Xiao J, Ren L, Lv H, Ding Q, Lou S, Zhang W, et al. Atypical microorganisms in expressed prostatic secretion from patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: microbiological results from a case-control study. Urologia internationalis. 2013;91(4):410-6.
Rudick CN, Berry RE, Johnson JR, Johnston B, Klumpp DJ, Schaeffer AJ, et al. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli induces chronic pelvic pain. Infection and immunity. 2011;79(2):628-35.
Murphy SF, Anker JF, Mazur DJ, Hall C, Schaeffer AJ, Thumbikat P. Role of gram‐positive bacteria in chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). The Prostate. 2019;79(2):160-7.
- Abstract Viewed: 492 times
- pdf Downloaded: 316 times