Protecting Transsexual Persons in the Light of the National Document on the Rights of the Child and Adolescent
Akhlāq-i zīstī,
Vol. 12 No. 37 (1401),
20 June 2022
,
Page 1-15
https://doi.org/10.22037/bioeth.v12i37.38019
Abstract
Background and Aim: The National Document on the Rights of the Child and Adolescent explains preventive measures and protections which one example protected by this law are transsexual children and adolescents. Individuals who do not match their sexual and gender identities and they are now considered patients with mental disorders under domestic law. Transsexual children and adolescents around the world face widespread abuse that severely affects their physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social growth. This article discusses the most important legal protections contained in the document governing these individuals.
Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method has been library.
Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.
Results: According to version 11 of the World Health Organization's forthcoming International Classification of Diseases, transsexual persons have been on the list of "mentally ill" people since the beginning of 2022, but in most countries transsexual persons are still on the list of mental disorders. In the current legal situation, the National Document on the Rights of the Child and Adolescent can play an effective role in improving the situation of transsexual children and adolescents in our country.
Conclusion: The National Document on the Rights of the Child and Adolescent contains an irreplaceable role and a privileged position among the laws in the field of children and adolescents. Internationally, this document is the basis for introducing and explaining the position of children and adolescents in international forums. In terms of domestic law, all agencies related to the affairs of children and adolescents, according to their duties, must apply the provisions of this document by taking legal measures in the relevant decisions and planning. The implementation of human rights measures and protections in this document not only leads to the prevention of abuse of transsexual children and adolescents and their physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social upbringing in a proper context, but also leads to raises the level of human rights and enhances the international credibility of the state in world public opinion.
Please cite this article as:
Bagherzadeh S, Abbasi M, Sharifi Tarazkoohi H. Protecting Transsexual Persons in the Light of the National Document on the Rights of the Child and Adolescent. Akhlaq-i zisti, i.e., Bioethics Journal. 2022; 12(37): e32.
- National Document on the Rights of the Child; Transsexal; Human Rights; Gender Identity; Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution
How to Cite
References
Karimi Niya MM. Rulings and effects of sex change from Imam Khomeini's point of view. Journals of Islamic Studies of Women and Family. 2016; 3(4): 103-124. [Persian]
Nojavan D. Jurisprudence and Legal Fundamentals of Change in Sexuality. Journal of Medical Law. 2009; 3(9): 149-189. [Persian]
National Center for Transgender Equality. Understanding Transgender People: The Basics. 2016. Available at: https://www.transequality.org/issues/ resources/understanding-transgender-people-the-basics. Visited January 1, 2020.
Merriam-Webster Inc. Dictionary. Springfield & Massachusetts. Online Dictionaries, 2021. Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transsex ual&gender. Visited January 21, 2020.
Burke BC. No Longer the Ugly Duckling: The European Court of Human Rights Recognizes Transsexual Civil Rights in Goodwin v. United Kingdom and Sets the Tone for Future United States Reform. Louisiana Law Review. 2004; 64(3): 663-677.
Protecting Human Rights of Transgender Persons, A short guide to legal gender recognition. Strasbourg. Council of Europe; 2015. p.5.
National Document on the Rights of the Child and Adolescent. Laws and Regulations Portal of Iran. Internet Cite; 2022. Available at: https://wwwdotic.ir/ news/10156. Visited March 26, 2022. [Persian]
Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Internet Cite; 2022. Available at: https://www.rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/100544. Visited March 25, 2022. [Persian]
Introduction to the Statute of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference. New York: No Name; 1946. p.19-22. Available at: https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_ constitution_en.pdf. Visited January 1, 2020.
World Health Organization. Prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and transgender people. Recommendations for a public health approach 2011. Geneva: No Name; 2011. p.12.
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. Internet Cite; 2022. Available at: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Health/Pages/SRRightHealthIndex.aspx. Visited March 27, 2020.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and World Health Organization, Fact Sheet No. 31 On The Right to Health (OHCHR-WHO). 2008. para.6. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/ EN/Issues/Health/Pages/InternationalStandards.aspx.
ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. 2019. Ver.4. Available at: http://www.id.who.int/icd/ entity/334423054. Visited April 1, 2020.
Roozbehani MR, Kavand Boroujerdi A. Jurisprudential and legal study of gender reassignment from the perspective of Islamic and Western thinkers. 1st ed. Tehran: Ava Book Publishing; 2015. p.55. [Persian]
Havelková B. The Legal Status of Transsexual and Transgender Persons in the Czech Republic. The Legal Status of Transsexual and Transgender Persons; 2017. p.6-7.
Niveau G, Ummel M, Harding T. Human Rights Aspects of Transsexualism. Health and Human Rights. 1999; 4(1): 134-164.
National Document on the Rights of the Child and Adolescent. Laws and Regulations Portal of Iran. Internet Cite; 2022. Available at: https://www.dotic.ir/ news/10156. Visited March 26, 2022. [Persian]
Falahati L. Attitudes towards gender roles in relation to ethnicity and gender. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research. 2016; 9(1): 33-59. [Persian]
McDermott R, Hatemi P. Distinguishing Sex and Gender. Political Science and Politics. Published Online by Cambridge University Press; 2011. p.89-92.
Stryker S. Transgender History. Berkeley: Seal Press; United States of America; 2008. p.11.
Human Rights Council. Panel on Ending Violence and Discrimination against Individuals Based on Their Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Summary of Discussion. 2012. para.2, 20. Available at: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/issues/Discrimination/LGBT/SummaryHRC19Panel.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2020.
UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR). General Comment No.18: The Right to Work (Art. 6 of the Covenant). 2006. E/C.12/GC/18. Available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/4415453 b4.html. Visited April 1, 2020.
Saed Vakil A, Askari P. The Constitution in the Current Legal Order. 4th ed. Tehran: Majd Publications; 2012. p.128-129. [Persian]
UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). General comment No. 20 (2016) on the implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence. 2016. para.2, 34. CRC/C/GC/20. Available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/589dad3d4.html. Visited April 1, 2020.
Gender Matters Manual on addressing gender-based violence affecting young people, Chapter 1: Gender identity, gender-based violence and human rights: 18. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/chapter-1-gender-identity-gender-based-violence-and-human-rig hts-gende/16809e1595. Visited April 1, 2020.
Y.T. v. Bulgaria (No.41701/16). 2020. Available at: https://www.eulawlive.com/ecthr-unjustified-rejec tion-of-request-for-gender-reassignment-breaches-righ t-to-private-life. Visited March 08, 2021.
Mehrpour H. International Human Rights System: Text of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Tehran: Information Publications; 2004. p.505. [Persian]
United Nations Committee against Torture (CAT). General Comment No.2: Implementation of Article 2 by States Parties. CAT/C/GC/2. 2008. para.6, 20, 21. Available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/47ac78 ce2.html. Visited April 1, 2020.
Nobahar R. The Purposes of Punishments in Sexual Crimes: Islamic Perspective. Qom: Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture; 2010. p.28-29, 37. [Persian]
- Abstract Viewed: 112 times
- PDF (فارسی) Downloaded: 61 times