International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences

Introduction:Gestational diabetes is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy, affecting 10%-15% of all pregnancies, depending on diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitmenttherapy and compassion-focused therapy on the quality of life and health-promoting behaviors of mothers with gestational diabetes.Method:The research method was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The statistical population of this study was all pregnant women referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 2019.45participantswere randomly selected and placed in three groups of acceptance and commitment therapy, compassion-focused therapy, and control group.The follow-up phase was performed on all three groups three months after the post-test. The research tools included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale and the Walker Health-Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis by spss.22. Result:The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on improving the quality of life and health-promoting behaviors in women with gestational diabetes (P<0.001).Conclusion:It can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy has a greater impact on the quality of life and health-promoting behaviors of women with gestational diabetes than compassion-focused therapy. It encourages individuals to communicate their experiences fully and without resistance as they move towardstheir worthy goals and to accept them without judgment. Declaration of Interest: None

Introduction:Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on illness perception and adherence to treatment among patients with multiple sclerosis.Method:The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design. The statistical population of this study were all patients with multiple sclerosis under the auspices of the MS Society of Tehran in 2019. Forty-five women with multiple sclerosis were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups: acceptance and commitment therapy (n=15) and control group (n=15). Data were obtained with the revised illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R) and the multiple sclerosis treatment adherence questionnaire (MS-TAQ). The repeated measurement analysis of variance and SPSS.22 software were used to analyze data.Result: The results showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on illness perceptions (p<0.001) and adherence to treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy focus more on the outcome of the thought or how the person relates to their thoughts rather than on the content of the thought or attempt to eliminate it.Declaration of Interest: None

Introduction: One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century for health systems around the world is the increasing burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to predict mental well-being based on personality dimensions and emotional intelligence mediated by adherence to treatment in diabetic patients.Methods: This research is a descriptive-correlational type, which has been analyzed using multivariate regression method. The statistical population of this study included all diabetic patients aged 30 to 60 years, who in the third quarter of the year 2019 referred to the office of endocrinologists, kidney and internal medicine specialist in 5 areas (north-south-center-east-west) of Tehran Municipality. Out of 714 people who referred to these centers, 267 people were selected as the sample by targeted sampling method and answered the Reef psychological well-being questionnaire, neo personality dimensions, shot emotional intelligence and following Modanlu treatment. SPSS software was used to analyze the statistical data. Results:  The results of multivariate regression showed that 70% of the variance of psychological well-being in diabetic patients is explained by the variables of neuroticism, emotional intelligence, conscientiousness and extraversion, while the variables of openness to experience, pleasantness and adherence to psychotherapy did not have significant relation with psychological well-being.Conclusion: The results of this study, which are largely consistent with other research findings, indicate that high levels of emotional intelligence, conscientiousness and extraversion, and low levels of neuroticism increase the psychological well-being of diabetic patients.

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-analytic and cognitive-behavioral psychodrama group therapy on reducing the interpersonal problems and difficulty of emotion regulation in divorced women.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all divorced women who had referred to private counseling centers under the supervision of welfare organization in Mashhad (84 centers) in 2018. Among the statistical population, by convenient sampling method, 36 people who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly located into three groups: Experiment 1,2 and Control. Experiment 1 group participated in sixteen 120-minute sessions of cognitive analytic group therapy and experimental group 2 participated in sixteen 120-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral psychodrama group therapy. The 60-item Interpersonal Problems Questionnaire (IIP-60) by Horowitz et al, and the Gretz and Roemer Difficulty of Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were used to collect data. Data analysis of the present study was performed using Mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test by SPSS software version 20.Results: The results indicated that both cognitive-analytic and cognitive behavioral psychodrama group therapies were able to significantly reduce the interpersonal problems and difficulty of emotion regulation of divorced women (p<0.01), in addition, cognitive-behavioral psychodrama group therapy had a greater effect than cognitive analytic group therapy on reducing interpersonal problems and difficulty of emotion regulation.Conclusion: Therefore, according to the obtained results, cognitive-behavioral psychodrama group therapy and cognitive-analytic group therapy can be used in order to reduce interpersonal problems and the difficulty of emotion regulation in divorced women.

Introduction: Chronic pain and the experience of living with it are unique. Individual perception of pain is affected by physical, psychological, and social variables. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on anxiety and depression and physical symptoms of patients with chronic pain.Method: This study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all outpatients of men and women referred to all medical centers in Tehran in 2019 who had received a definitive diagnosis of chronic pain by neurologists, rheumatologists and psychiatrists, and other relevant specialists. The sampling method in this study had two stages: first, through available sampling, selected from several women with a definite diagnosis of chronic pain, and then, based on inclusion criteria and conducting a pre-test session with interviews. A clinical trial conducted by a researcher under the supervision of a psychiatrist based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, 30 women (15 for each group) of women who had the highest scores (as baseline) after completion The questionnaires were selected by simple random sampling method and after random allocation, they were replaced in two groups of intervention and control. Data were obtained using the Beck depression questionnaire and the Beck anxiety questionnaire. Repeated variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The above analysis was carried out using SPSS.22 software.Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was effective on anxiety and depression and physical symptoms of people with chronic pain.Conclusion: It can be concluded that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is effective in reducing anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms of people with chronic pain and can be used to improve psychological problems in people with chronic pain.

Introduction: Healthy lifestyle can play a significant role in the health and quality of students' life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of healthy lifestyle among students living in dormitories and factors affecting their lifestyle.Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted as a semi-structured interview with 18 female students residing in the dormitory of Shahid Beheshti University. These students were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews were analyzed in four contexts: the concept of healthy lifestyles, examining students' lifestyles, evaluating their lifestyles, and factors affecting their lifestyles. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that there are two distinct areas regarding the concept of a healthy lifestyle from the students' perspective: first, the dimensions that the healthy lifestyle contains and second, the principles on which a healthy lifestyle should be based. There were also five groups of factors affecting students' lifestyles: avoidance of family (e.g. independence), internal factors (e.g. individual characteristics), university and dormitory conditions (e.g. time), relationships (e.g. Roommate), macro factors (e.g. social, economic).Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the educational and cultural authorities of the universities need to pay more attention to the lifestyle of the students.