Regeneration, Reconstruction & Restoration (Triple R)

Vol. 10 (2025)

Effect of Nicotine on Attachment and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts on Zirconia and Titanium Surfaces Nicotine Effects on Cellular Behavior on Zirconia and Titanium

Regeneration, Reconstruction & Restoration (Triple R), Vol. 10 (2025), 1 January 2025

Abstract

Background and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotine on the biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts on titanium and zirconia surfaces.

Materials and methods: A total of 124 Polished titanium and zirconia disc-like samples, each with a diameter of 9 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, were prepared. A contact surface profilometer was used to measure surface roughness with Ra and Rz parameters. HGFs were treated with different concentrations of nicotine. Then, their adhesion, morphology, viability, and proliferation were measured using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 24 and 72 hours. A t-test analysis was used to compare the surface roughness of the specimens. Data were reported as mean ± SE. Graph-Pad Prism software (version 9, USA) was used for a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey post hoc analysis. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The proliferation and attachment of HGF cells to the titanium and zirconia surfaces were significantly reduced by increasing nicotine concentration up to the cytotoxic range (2.5 and 5 mM) or prolonging the amount of time cells are exposed to nicotine (P < 0.05). The difference between the zirconia and titanium groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Nicotine cytotoxicity was concentration and time-dependent. There was no significant difference between the zirconia and titanium groups. Considering the limitations of this study and the conflicting results reported by previous studies, additional research is required to determine the superiority of these two materials, particularly in patients who smoke.

Keywords:
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Fibroblasts
  • Gingiva
  • Nicotine
  • Titanium
  • Zirconium

How to Cite

1.
Kazemi H, Torshabi M, Zamanian A, Rezaei Esfahrood Z. Effect of Nicotine on Attachment and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts on Zirconia and Titanium Surfaces: Nicotine Effects on Cellular Behavior on Zirconia and Titanium. Regen Reconstr Restor [Internet]. 2025 Nov. 3 [cited 2026 Jul. 28];10. Available from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/tripleR/article/view/50317

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