Nafas Journal

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a major risk factor for macrovascular and microvascular disease develops kidney disease in approximately 35% of patients. Kidney disease is associated with increased mortality and intensive glucose-lowering strategies have been shown to reduce surrogate markers of renal complications in T2DM patients. Empagliflozin, as a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2)  inhibitor, reduces hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM by reducing the renal reabsorption of glucose, thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibition can reduce a broad range of risks for kidney outcomes including the risk of dialysis, transplantation, or death due to kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Discussion: Many studies have shown promising effects on a range of albuminuria and serum creatinine-based kidney outcomes in patients with, or at high risk of, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In these trials, as a result, event rates for kidney failure were low, with few participants requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation, or dying from kidney disease, in each trial.

Conclusion: This review suggests that SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy may prove beneficial for the management of patients with chronic kidney disease and albuminuria, contributing to reductions in the risk of end-Stage Renal Disease, worsening of kidney function, in addition to cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.