Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences

Dargahi N, Katsara M, Tselios T, Androutsou M-E, De Courten M, Matsoukas J, et al. Multiple Sclerosis: Immunopathology and Treatment Update. Brain Sci. 2017;7(7):78. doi:10.3390/brainsci7070078

Grigoriadis N, Van Pesch V. A basic overview of multiple sclerosis immunopathology. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22 Suppl 2:3-13. doi:10.1111/ene.12798

Lassmann H, Brück W, Lucchinetti CF. The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview. Brain Pathol. 2007;17(2):210-218. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.x

Hashemi SM, Hassan ZM, Hossein-Khannazer N, Pourfathollah AA, Soudi S. Investigating the route of administration and efficacy of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned medium in type 1 diabetic mice. Inflammopharmacology. 2020;28(2):585-601. doi:10.1007/s10787-019-00661-x

Hossein‐khannazer N, Shabani S, Farokhfar M, Azizi G, Asarzadegan F, Safarpour Lima B, et al. Pivotal cytokines and their transcription factors are the targets of guluronic acid (G2013) for inhibiting the immunopathogenesis process of multiple sclerosis. Drug Dev Res. 2020;81(4):511-516. doi:10.1002/ddr.21645

Huang WJ, Chen WW, Zhang X. Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments. Exp Ther Med. 2017;13(6):3163-3166. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4410

Torkildsen Ø, Myhr KM, Bø L. Disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis - a review of approved medications. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):18-27. doi:10.1111/ene.12883

Chen WR, Liu H, Ritchey JW, Bartels KE, Lucroy MD, Nordquist RE. Effect of different components of laser immunotherapy in treatment of metastatic tumors in rats. Cancer Res. 2002;62(15):4295-4299.

Hemmer B, Archelos JJ, Hartung H-P. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3(4):291-301. doi:10.1038/nrn784

Comabella M, Khoury SJ. Clin Immunol. 2012;142(1):2-8. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.004

Hossein‐Khannazer N, Zian Z, Bakkach J, Kamali AN, Hosseinzadeh R, Anka AU, et al. Features and roles of T helper 22 cells in immunological diseases and malignancies. Scand J Immunol. 2021; 93:e13030. doi:10.1111/sji.13030

Prat E, Martin R. The immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2002;39(2):187-199.

Yadav SK, Mindur JE, Ito K, Dhib-Jalbut S. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015;28(3):206-219. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000205

Haas J, Fritzsching B, Trübswetter P, Korporal M, Milkova L, Fritz B, et al. Prevalence of newly generated naive regulatory T cells (Treg) is critical for Treg suppressive function and determines Treg dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. J Immunol. 2007;179(2):1322-1330. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.1322

Venken K, Hellings N, Broekmans T, Hensen K, Rummens J-L, Stinissen P. Natural naive CD4+ CD25+ CD127low regulatory T cell (Treg) development and function are disturbed in multiple sclerosis patients: recovery of memory Treg homeostasis during disease progression. J Immunol. 2008;180(9):6411-6420. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6411

Abrahamse H. Regenerative medicine, stem cells, and low-level laser therapy: future directives. Photomed Laser Surg. 2012;30(12):681-682. doi:10.1089/pho.2012.9881

Chung H, Dai T, Sharma SK, Huang Y-Y, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy. Ann Biomed Eng. 2012;40(2):516-533. doi:10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7

Strübing I, Gröschel M, Schwitzer S, Ernst A, Fröhlich F, Jiang D, et al. Neuroprotective Effect of Near-Infrared Light in an Animal Model of CI Surgery. Audiol Neurootol. 2021;26(2):95-101. doi:10.1159/000508619

Xu Z, Guo X, Yang Y, Tucker D, Lu Y, Xin N, et al. Low-level laser irradiation improves depression-like behaviors in mice. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(6):4551-4559. doi:10.1007/s12035-016-9983-2

Oron A, Oron U. Low-level laser therapy to the bone marrow ameliorates neurodegenerative disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: a minireview. Photomed Laser Surg. 2016;34(12):627-630. doi:10.1089/pho.2015.4072

Mokmeli S, Vetrici M. Low-level laser therapy as a modality to attenuate cytokine storm at multiple levels, enhance recovery, and reduce the use of ventilators in COVID-19. Can J Respir Ther. 2020;56:25-31.doi:10.29390/cjrt-2020-015

Yun Y-C, Jang D, Yoon S-B, Kim D, Choi D-H, Kwon O, et al. Laser acupuncture exerts neuroprotective effects via regulation of Creb, Bdnf, Bcl-2, and Bax gene expressions in the hippocampus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7181637. doi:10.1155/2017/7181637

Zhang C, Hao T, Chen P, Liang J, Wang C, Kang H, et al. Effect of low-level laser irradiation on the proliferation of myoblasts—the skeletal muscle precursor cells: an experimental in vitro study. Laser Phys. 2011;21(12):2122-7. doi:10.1134/S1054660X11210328

Gao X, Xing D. Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation. J Biomed Sci. 2009;16(1):4. Published 2009 Jan 12. doi:10.1186/1423-0127-16-4

Torres S, De Sanctis J, de Briceno L, Hernandez N, Finol H. Inflammation and nitric oxide production in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients. J Endocrinol. 2004;181(3):419-427. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1810419

Aimbire F, Santos F, Albertini R, Castro-Faria-Neto H, Mittmann J, Pacheco-Soares C. Low-level laser therapy decreases levels of lung neutrophils anti-apoptotic factors by a NF-κB dependent mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008;8(4):603-605. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2007.12.007

Avni D, Levkovitz S, Maltz L, Oron U. Protection of skeletal muscles from ischemic injury: low-level laser therapy increases antioxidant activity. Photomed Laser Surg. 2005;23(3):273-277. doi:10.1089/pho.2005.23.273

Shefer G, Partridge TA, Heslop L, Gross JG, Oron U, Halevy O. Low-energy laser irradiation promotes the survival and cell cycle entry of skeletal muscle satellite cells. J Cell Sci. 2002;115(Pt 7):1461-1469.

Rizzi CF, Mauriz JL, Freitas Corrêa DS, Moreira AJ, Zettler CG, Filippin LI, et al. Effects of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling pathway in traumatized muscle. Lasers Surg Med. 2006;38(7):704-713. doi:10.1002/lsm.20371

Huang YY, Nagata K, Tedford CE, McCarthy T, Hamblin MR. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) reduces oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons in vitro. J Biophotonics. 2013;6(10):829-838. doi:10.1002/jbio.201200157

Ojaghi R, Sohanaki H, Ghasemi T, Keshavarz F, Yousefifard M, Sadeghipour H. Role of low-intensity laser therapy on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs in mice: is nitric oxide a possible candidate mediator? Lasers Med Sci. 2014;29(5):1655-1659. doi:10.1007/s10103-014-1530-7

Byrnes KR, Wu X, Waynant RW, Ilev IK, Anders JJ. Low power laser irradiation alters gene expression of olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro. Lasers Surg Med. 2005;37(2):161-171. doi:10.1002/lsm.20202

Yu W, Naim JO, Lanzafame RJ. The effect of laser irradiation on the release of bFGF from 3T3 fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol. 1994;59(2):167-170. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05017.x

Leung MC, Lo SC, Siu FK, So KF. Treatment of experimentally induced transient cerebral ischemia with low energy laser inhibits nitric oxide synthase activity and up‐regulates the expression of transforming growth factor‐beta 1. Lasers Surg Med. 2002;31(4):283-288. doi:10.1002/lsm.10096

Thunshelle C, Hamblin MR. Transcranial low-level laser (light) therapy for brain injury. Photomed Laser Surg. 2016;34(12):587-598. doi:10.1089/pho.2015.4051

Hashmi JT, Huang YY, Osmani BZ, Sharma SK, Naeser MA, Hamblin MR. PM R. 2010;2(12 Suppl 2):S292-S305. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.013

Mansouri V, Razzaghi M, Rostami-Nejad M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Heidari MH, Safari S, et al. Neuroprotective properties of photobiomodulation in retinal regeneration in rats: perspectives from interaction levels. J Lasers Med Sci. 2020;11(3):280-286. doi:10.34172/jlms.2020.47

Blivet G, Meunier J, Roman FJ, Touchon J. Neuroprotective effect of a new photobiomodulation technique against Aβ25-35 peptide-induced toxicity in mice: Novel hypothesis for therapeutic approach of Alzheimer's disease suggested. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2018;4:54-63. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2017.12.003

Rojas JC, Lee J, John JM, Gonzalez-Lima F. Neuroprotective effects of near-infrared light in an in vivo model of mitochondrial optic neuropathy. J Neurosci. 2008;28(50):13511-13521. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3457-08.2008

Meng C, He Z, Xing D. Low-level laser therapy rescues dendrite atrophy via upregulating BDNF expression: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci. 2013;33(33):13505-13517. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0918-13.2013

Guerriero F, Sgarlata C, Francis M, Maurizi N, Faragli A, Perna S, et al. Neuroinflammation, immune system and Alzheimer disease: searching for the missing link. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(5):821-831. doi:10.1007/s40520-016-0637-z

Lapchak PA, De Taboada L. Transcranial near infrared laser treatment (NILT) increases cortical adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) content following embolic strokes in rabbits. Brain Res. 2010;1306:100-5. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.022

Oron A, Oron U, Chen J, Eilam A, Zhang C, Sadeh M, et al. Low-level laser therapy applied transcranially to rats after induction of stroke significantly reduces long-term neurological deficits. Stroke. 2006;37(10):2620-2624. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000242775.14642.b8

Sarveazad A, Janzadeh A, Taheripak G, Dameni S, Yousefifard M, Nasirinezhad F. Co-administration of human adipose-derived stem cells and low-level laser to alleviate neuropathic pain after experimental spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):1-15. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1269-y.

Kim J, Kim E-H, Lee K, Kim B, Kim Y, Na SH, et al. Low-level laser irradiation improves motor recovery after contusive spinal cord injury in rats. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017;14(1):57-64. doi:10.1007/s13770-016-0003-4

Rochkind S. Stimulation effect of laser energy on the regeneration of traumatically injured peripheral nerves. Morphogen Regen. 1978;83:25-7.

Rochkind S, Nissan M, Alon M, Shamir M, Salame K. Effects of laser irradiation on the spinal cord for the regeneration of crushed peripheral nerve in rats. Lasers Surg Med. 2001;28(3):216-219. doi:10.1002/lsm.1041

Rochkind S, Barrnea L, Razon N, Bartal A, Schwartz M. Stimulatory effect of He-Ne low dose laser on injured sciatic nerves of rats. Neurosurgery. 1987;20(6):843-847. doi:10.1227/00006123-198706000-00004

Janzadeh A, Sarveazad A, Yousefifard M, Dameni S, Samani FS, Mokhtarian K, et al. Combine effect of Chondroitinase ABC and low level laser (660 nm) on spinal cord injury model in adult male rats. Neuropeptides. 2017;65:90-99. doi:10.1016/j.npep.2017.06.002

McGeer E, McGeer P. Neurotoxins as tools in neurobiology. Int Rev Neurobiol. 1981;22:173-204.

Yu T, Yu H, Zhang B, Wang D, Li B, Zhu J, et al. Promising neuroprotective function for M2 microglia in Kainic Acid-induced neurotoxicity via the down-regulation of NF-κB and caspase 3 signaling pathways. Neuroscience. 2019;406:86-96. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.002

Janzadeh A, Nasirinezhad F, Masoumipoor M, Jameie SB. Photobiomodulation therapy reduces apoptotic factors and increases glutathione levels in a neuropathic pain model. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31(9):1863-1869. doi:10.1007/s10103-016-2062-0

Huang YY, Nagata K, Tedford CE, Hamblin* MR. Low‐level laser therapy (810 nm) protects primary cortical neurons against excitotoxicity in vitro. J Biophotonics. 2014;7(8):656-664. doi:10.1002/jbio.201300125

Rykała J, Szychta P, Witmanowski H. Physical and biological bases of laser phototherapy. Advances in Dermatology & Allergology/Postepy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2012;29(5): 378-383.

Lan C-CE, Wu S-B, Wu C-S, Shen Y-C, Chiang T-Y, Wei Y-H, et al. Induction of primitive pigment cell differentiation by visible light (helium–neon laser): a photoacceptor-specific response not replicable by UVB irradiation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2012;90(3):321-330. doi:10.1007/s00109-011-0822-7

Liang J, Liu L, Xing D. Photobiomodulation by low-power laser irradiation attenuates Aβ-induced cell apoptosis through the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;53(7):1459-1467. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.003

Lavi R, Shainberg A, Friedmann H, Shneyvays V, Rickover O, Eichler M, et al. Low energy visible light induces reactive oxygen species generation and stimulates an increase of intracellular calcium concentration in cardiac cells. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(42):40917-40922. doi:10.1074/jbc.M303034200

Gonçalves ED, Souza PS, Lieberknecht V, Fidelis GS, Barbosa RI, Silveira PC, et al. Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity. 2016;49(2):132-142. doi:10.3109/08916934.2015.1124425

Acar G, Idiman F, Idiman E, Kırkalı G, Çakmakçı H, Özakbaş S. Nitric oxide as an activity marker in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2003;250(5):588-592. doi:10.1007/s00415-003-1041-0

Giovannoni G, Heales SJ, Land J, Thompson E. The potential role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 1998;4(3):212-216. doi:10.1177/135245859800400323

Kubsik A, Klimkiewicz R, Janczewska K, Klimkiewicz P, Jankowska A, Woldańska-Okońska M. Application of laser radiation and magnetostimulation in therapy of patients with multiple sclerosis. NeuroRehabilitation. 2016;38(2):183-190. doi:10.3233/NRE-161309

Silva T, Fragoso YD, Destro Rodrigues MFS, Gomes AO, da Silva FC, Andreo L, et al. Effects of photobiomodulation on interleukin-10 and nitrites in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis–Randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0230551. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230551

Essa SA, Mostafa YM, Fathi SM, Elhafez HM, Ahmed AF, El Fayoumy N. Could Phototherapy Reverse Visual Deficits in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis? J Med Sci Clin Res. 2015;3(5):5479-94.

Uccelli A, Laroni A, Freedman MS. Mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for MS–progress to date. Mult Scler. 2013;19(5):515-519. doi:10.1177/1352458512464686

Xiao J, Yang R, Biswas S, Qin X, Zhang M, Deng W. Mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells as therapies for multiple sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(5):9283-9302. Published 2015 Apr 24. doi:10.3390/ijms16059283

Hossein-Khannazer N, Hashemi SM, Namaki S, Ghanbarian H, Sattari M, Khojasteh A. Study of the immunomodulatory effects of osteogenic differentiated human dental pulp stem cells. Life Sci. 2019;216:111-118. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.040

Gharibi T, Ahmadi M, Seyfizadeh N, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M. Immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and their role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Cell Immunol. 2015;293(2):113-121. doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.01.002

Mohyeddin Bonab M, Ali Sahraian M, Aghsaie A, Ahmadi Karvigh S, Massoud Hosseinian S, Nikbin B, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: an open label study. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2012;7(6):407-414. doi:10.2174/157488812804484648

Meamar R, Nematollahi S, Dehghani L, Mirmosayyeb O, Shayegannejad V, Basiri K, et al. The role of stem cell therapy in multiple sclerosis: An overview of the current status of the clinical studies. Adv Biomed Res. 2016;5:46. doi:10.4103/2277-9175.178791

Abdallah AN, Shamaa AA, El-Tookhy OS. Evaluation of treatment of experimentally induced canine model of multiple sclerosis using laser activated non-expanded adipose derived stem cells. Res Vet Sci. 2019;125:71-81. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.05.016

Mvula B, Moore T, Abrahamse H. Effect of low-level laser irradiation and epidermal growth factor on adult human adipose-derived stem cells. Lasers Med Sci. 2010;25(1):33-39. doi:10.1007/s10103-008-0636-1