International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences

Introduction: Pain is associated with varying degrees of limitation in function. Although many people experience pain, but there is difference in disability. Some think this difference is due to pain severity or psychological variables such as fear of movement. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of pain severity and fear of movement on explanation of physical disability in patients with chronic pain. Methods: 207 patients with chronic pain (71 men and 136 women) were chosen by purposeful method and pain intensity subscale of multidimensional pain inventory, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were completed and data were analyzed by regression method. Results: The mean age of the sample was 44.41 years and main location of pain for most was back (42%) and feet (22.7%). Regression analysis showed that pain intensity and fear of movement explains 33% of the variance in disability. While comparing the zero-order correlation indicates the pain severity is stronger. Conclusion: Pain severity and fear of movement are effective in disability and it is necessary, especially for treatments that aim to boost or restore the physical ability of patients, attention to them.
Declaration of Interest: None.

Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of teaching to avoid cognitive errors through narrative therapy on depression and dysfunctional attitude in primary-school girls.  Methods: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a one-month follow-up. The assessment tool consisted of the Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), and DAS-C and clinical interviews were used to evaluate dysfunctional attitude among the students. The sample population consisted of 36 fourth- and fifth-grade, female, primary-school students with depression in Shiraz. The experimental group was exposed to narrative therapy, the placebo group to selective stories (without educational content on avoiding cognitive errors) and the control group received no treatment. The ANCOVA was used to analyze the data.  Results: The three groups were not different in terms of their depression score in the posttest (F=2.36, P=0.11), but the difference between them was significant in the follow-up stage (F=5.53, P=0.009). Significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of dysfunctional attitude and depression in the posttest (F=4.84, P=0.001) and the follow-up (P=0.0001, F=12.08).  Conclusion: Narrative therapy was found to be effective in reducing depression and dysfunctional attitude in the students.  Declaration of Interest: None. 

Introduction: Anxiety and depression are common and serious disorder that they have main affects in self-regulation and somatization. This study was done to analyze relation and prediction between anxiety/depression with dimensions of self-regulation and somatization. Methods: The study was done using four questionnaires such as: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) and Physical Symptoms (PHQ-15). Study was conducted in 500 employees in five biggest offices. Investigation used all data collected analyzed by SPSS-21 software. Results: In particular, there is significant differences between evaluating and somatization with anxiety by positive correlation. Meanwhile, anxiety accounted for 4.01% of the variance in implementing (p<0.05), 4% of the variance evaluating (p<0.05) and 4.04% variance somatization (p<0.05). There is significantly differences between evaluating with depression by positive correlation (p<0.05). In addition, implementing, assessing, and somatization had a correlation with depression (p<0.05). Depression accounted for 4.81% variance of the implementing (p<0.05), 4.79% of the variance evaluating (p<0.05) and 4.86% of the variance somatization (p<0.05). Conclusion: Findings are consistent with a relationship between anxiety in self-regulation and somatization involved in both self-regulation and somatization as well as altered in clinically manifest Declaration of Interest: None.

Introduction: Substance use disorder is one of the chronic and often recurrent disorders that predispose a person to serious problems, such as AIDS, hepatitis and other chronic disorders. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group logotherapy in increasing resilience and decreasing depression among individuals with addiction in Tehran. Method: Semi-experimental research method with pre-test, post-test design and control group was utilized in this study. The statistical population of this study included all individuals affected by substance abuse referred to drug rehabilitation clinic in Tehran. The sample consisted of 36 individuals with substance abuse; whose depression and resilience scores were as much as two standard deviations lower than the mean. Subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Beck Depression Inventory and Caner-Davidson’s Resilience Questionnaire were adopted. Ten 90-minute group logotherapy sessions were held for the experimental group. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance method. Results: The findings of this study indicated that group logotherapy, increased resilience and decreased depression in the experimental group. Conclusion: Logotherapy can be considered as a new way of introducing purposefulness and meaningfulness in life. It increases the level of resilience and increase happiness for patients with substance abuse through assisting them in discovering their real self, selecting individual values, and finding the meaning of life. Declaration of Interest: None.

Introduction :  Marriage is the most common life event in all societies. More than 90% of people in the world get married at least once in their life; there are some factors, however, that may make a marriage unstable. This study aimed to investigate the relationship  of   marital quality   and  sexual  satisfaction  with  marital status  by  using  Path  model  in  Iranian  women   who  referred to health  centers  affiliated  to  Shahid   Beheshti  University  of  Medical  Sciences Tehran, Iran in  2015.

Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted on  400 women from January to May 2015(8 months),  who were  selected  through  multistage  sampling method. Data were collected through distinct  questionnaires  demographic  characteristics ,instability marriage , marital  quality and  Larson  sexual  satisfaction   that completed  by   interview   . Descriptive   statistics,  Pearson’s  test   were  performed by SPSS V.16 and   LISREL8.80    used  for  analysis  of  data. (P<0.05)

Results: The mean age of  400  participants   was 26.74 ± 3.50 years  old, and  their   mean duration of marriage was 7.90 ± 4.30 years . Marital   quality    was the most effective predictor of marital status(P<0.001).  Sexual   satisfaction    had  direct  association with marital status through direct effect of marital quality (P<0.001). Moreover, smoking (P<0.001)  and  addiction  of  spouse (P<0.08)   had    association  with  marital status  inversely. (p< 0.05).

Conclusion:  Noticed  to  sexuality  and  increase quality  marital  life  and avoidance  of high risk behaviors   will help  to  stability  marriage.

 Declaration of Interest: None.

Introduction: The slow progression of academic achievement is one of the symptoms of children with learning disabilities (LD), which can be regarded as an obstacle to achieve educational goals along with anxiety. Play therapy is a way of changing the behavior of the child that is based on the interaction between parents and the child. This aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on reducing the anxiety and academic achievement of children with LD. Methods: In a double blind randomized clinical trial, 30 students with learning disabilities were randomly selected through targeted method and were assigned into two experiment and control groups through completely randomized blocks method. Play therapy was presented based on Landreth's protocol to the experimental and the control group received merely the training of motivational skills. Subjects were evaluated in two time intervals of pre-test and post-test by the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and three mathematical, dictation, and Persian courses. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis through SPSS software. Results: Primary outcomes indicated that play therapy was effective in reducing the anxiety index. Also, secondary outcomes indicated intervention based on play therapy was associated with increased academic performance (p<0.000). Conclusion: These results can be of importance in influencing psychological interventions as an independent or complementary approach along with other therapies in children with special needs. . Declaration of Interest: None

Introduction: this study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of transactional analysis training on improving communication apprehension in people with poor communication skills. Method: The method of this research was quasi-experimental with two experimental and control groups and pre- and post-test implementation. The statistical sample was comprised of 28 people with poor communication skills (obtaining score one in standard deviation below the mean score in the communication skills questionnaire). They were selected based on inclusion-exclusion criteria by convenience sampling method. Subjects in both groups in one session responded to all items of communication skills questionnaire and Personal report of communication apprehension before and after training. The data were analyzed using software SPSS-20, ANOVA and MANOVA tests. Results: showed the transactional analysis training reduced communication apprehension but increased communication skills in experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that transactional analysis training makes a person familiar with his/her personality system, the relationships with others and improve his/her communication skills. Declaration of Interest: None.