Original Articles


A gene selection approach for Diabetic retinopathy microarray data classification using Ant Colony Optimization

Mazaher Maghsoudloo, Mohammad Hafez Noroozizadeh

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 4 (2019), 5 October 2019, Page 1-10
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v3i4.37115

This paper proposes an approach for gene selection in microarray data. The proposed approach consists of a primary filter approach using adjusted p-value apply to the result of the differently expressed genes analyses which reduces the initial genes and hence the search space and time complexity. Then, a heuristic approach which is based on ant colony optimization method (ACO) is used to find the set of genes which improve the classification accuracy. The selected genes from the last phase are evaluated using (receiver operating characteristic) ROC curve and the most effective while smallest feature subset is determined. The classifier which are evaluated in the proposed framework is K-nearest neighbor. The proposed approach is evaluated on a diabetic retinopathy microarray dataset. The experiment shows that with 9 highly informative genes, the proposed approach has achieved a high precision rate. In addition, the six selected genes have been found meaningfully in the biology texts in comparison with the state-of-the-art. The evaluations confirm that the proposed approach can find the smallest subset of genes while approaching the maximum accuracy.

Novel Potential Drugs for Therapy of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPI) Analysis

Zahra Abedi, Habib MotieGhader, Mazaher Maghsoudloo, Mohammad Ali Sheikh Beig Goharrizi, Ahmad Shojaei, Ali Masoudi-Nejad

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 4 (2019), 5 October 2019, Page 11-23
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v3i4.36535

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness in older people. If diagnosed early, its progression in humans can be prevented.
Material and Methods: To understand of AMD pathogenesis, this study was carried out to investigate differential gene expression in AMD and normal samples. Here, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) with p-value of less than 0.01 were selected to construct the Protein- Protein interaction Network (PPI) using STRING web tool and visualized by Cytoscape software. Next, four PPI modules were discovered from the network. Then, the GO and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out on the modules’ genes. Drug- gene interactions were obtained for modules’ genes and reconstructed as a single drug- gene network.
Results: Bevacisumab, Degzamethazone and Pegaptanib, as the most potent therapeutic candidate
drugs and previously mentioned as a therapy for AMD, had interaction with the genes associated with AMD. The other candidate drugs are Docetaxel, Cisplutin, Carboplatin, Methotrexate, Bexarotene, Raloxifene Hydrochloride, Acitretine, Adapalene, and Doxorubicine, some of which were previously discovered to be efficient against cancer. They had two gene targets in different modules.
Conclusion: Computational tools are efficient for therapeutic goals, experimental validation of findings as well as testing of drug toxicity are critical for better treatment. Drugs proposed in this study might promote future studies on AMD.
Keywords: Age-Related Macular Degeneration; Differential Gene Expression; Drug- Gene Network;
Protein-Protein Interaction.

Probable Toxic Effect of Sodium Valproate on Retine Using Electroretinogram

Seyed Mohammad Masoud Shushtarian, Zahra Hayti

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 4 (2019), 5 October 2019, Page 24-28
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v3i4.36745

Aim:

Sodium Valporate (SV) is an anticonvulsant drug which is approved for use in epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It has also been used for neuropathic pain and migraine prophylaxis. It is reported that the drug has different side effect on different organs of the human body. The aim of present work is to search for the probable adverse effect of this drug on retina using Electroretinography (ERG) technique.

Method:

Twenty-five patients taking sodium valproate for 3 years were taken in to consideration for the purpose of recent work. Electroretinography was recorded in patients’ group. Flash ERG was the type of ERG used for this study. Latency (msec) and amplitude (µV) of ERG b wave was measured for each patient. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for patients group. The same procedure was repeated for 25 healthy population.

The findings obtained in two groups were compared together using SPSS version 13 to look for probable differences in two groups.

Result:

The mean latencies/S.D. and amplitude s/ S.D were 90.7 ± 9.39 and 114.94 ± 8.28 in patient and healthy groups, respectively. The difference in amplitude between two groups were statistically significant whereas the difference in latency was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Based on findings of recent work it is obvious that retina affected in SV consuming patients after three years which will be discussed in full paper.

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy from a Network Biology Perspective

Ehsan Pournoor

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 4 (2019), 5 October 2019, Page 29-41
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v3i4.37319

Background: Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) is the advanced version of Diabetic Retinopathy in which, new, fragile blood vessels can start to develop in the retina and into the vitreous, the gel-like fluid that fills the back of the eye.
Material and Methods: Here we study PDR from a whole system viewpoint in which network science is utilized for the system representation. Our objective is to explore the role of differentially expressed genes in the development of PDR. For this purpose, we have designed a framework in which the genes with high differential expression are identified and their PPI networks are regenerated. Next, influential dominating nodes are specified in the resulting network. With the enrichment analyses, the output set is validated and its role in the PDR is studied.
Results: These results suggest that the output gene set has a significant association with the disease of study. Additionally, we identify miRNAs regulating the transcription of genes inside the explored module as biomarkers affecting the progress of PDR.
Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy; Network; Systems Biology; Differential Gene Expression.

Case Reports


Horner Syndrome Following Penetrating Neck Injuries: A Case Series

Bahram Eshraghi, Mansooreh Jamshidian Tehrani, Bita Momenaei, Fereshteh Tayebi

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 4 (2019), 5 October 2019, Page 42-46
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v3i4.35776

To report three cases of Horner syndrome associated with penetrating neck injuries and the result of surgery for correcting the resulting ptosis. This is a retrospective case series study of 3 patients with Horner syndrome with past history of penetrating trauma to the neck. The patients’ history and the surgical results are presented. Muller’s muscle conjunctival resection was successfully used to treat ptosis in traumatic Horner syndrome in two cases. In the clinical setting of acute traumatic injury to the neck, careful evaluation for signs and symptoms of Horner syndrome should be performed. Horner syndrome and associated ptosis can be effectively managed using Muller’s muscle conjunctival resection.
Keywords: Wounds; Penetrating; Neck; Horner Syndrome; Ptosis.

Error in Measurement of Visual Field Caused by False Eyelashes: A Case Report

Maryam Yadgari, Mansoor Shahriari

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 4 (2019), 5 October 2019, Page 47-50
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v3i4.36382

Many cosmetic enhancements to the natural appearance of the eyes are readily available today.
A relatively popular form of eye beauty enhancement is false (fake) cosmetic eyelashes and veyelash extensions. Due to the increasing popularity of these cosmetic products, it is essential for ophthalmologists to be aware of their potential risks and complications. Here we report a case of error in measurement of visual field caused by false eyelashes.
Keywords: Eyelashes; Cosmetics; Visual Fields.

Review Articles


Management of Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Brief Review

Melika Samadi , Mohammad Soleimani

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 4 (2019), 5 October 2019, Page 51-57
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v3i4.36398

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Ocular GVHD develops in a substantial number of patients following HSCT and 60 % to 90 % of patients with systemic GVHD experience the ocular complications to some extents. In this brief review we will discuss the conventional and updated novel therapies in the management of patients suffering from ocular GVHD.
Keywords: Eye; Dry Eye; Graft versus Host Disease; Treatment.