Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018)

Performance of Local Anesthesia with Lidocaine among Opium Addicts and Non-Addicts; a Case Control Study

Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018), 1 January 2018 , Page e35
https://doi.org/10.22037/aaem.v6i1.78

Abstract

Introduction: Compared to ordinary people, addicts usually have a lower pain threshold. The current work attempts to compare the performance of local analgesia with lidocaine among opium addicts and non-addicts.

Methods: In this case-control study, opium addicts and healthy patients with skin laceration referring to emergency departments of two educational hospitals were compared regarding the response to local anesthesia with lidocaine, as well as side effects.

Results: 197 cases with the mean age of 43.44 ± 20.12 years were studied (72.1% male). 98 (49.8%) cases were addicts and 99 (50.2%) were healthy people. Two groups were similar regarding age (p = 0.281), sex (p = 0.666), and wound size (p = 0.272). The amount of pain reduction 5 (df =1.5, F=0.38, p = 0.88) and 10 (df =1.5, F=0.58, p = 0.72) minutes after lidocaine injection was not different between the groups. Subgroup analysis based on sex and age of patient did not show any differences between the groups (p > 0.1 for all analysis). The mean duration of analgesia was 16.4 ± 5.37 minutes in addicts and 16.95±1.79 in control group (p = 0.334).

Conclusion: Lidocaine, as a commonly used local anesthetic agents, does not show different effects in addicts and non-addicts in repairing skin laceration.

Keywords:
  • Lidocaine
  • opium dependence
  • anesthetics
  • local
  • case-control studies
  • pain management

How to Cite

1.
Majidi A, Shahhosseini T, Mahmoudi S. Performance of Local Anesthesia with Lidocaine among Opium Addicts and Non-Addicts; a Case Control Study. Arch Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 2018 Jun. 7 [cited 2026 Jul. 7];6(1):e35. Available from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aaem/index.php/AAEM/article/view/78

References

Karbasy SH, Derakhshan P. Effects of opium addiction on level of sensory block in spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine for lower abdomen and limb surgery: a case-control study. Anesthesiology and pain medicine. 2014;4(5).

Zirak N, Soltani G, Javdani N, Shamloo AS, Bameshki A, Peyvandi A. Effect of fentanyl in spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine in opium abusers. Razavi International Journal of Medicine. 2014;2(1).

Vosoughian M, Dabbagh A, Rajaei S, Maftuh H. The duration of spinal anesthesia with 5% lidocaine in chronic opium abusers compared with nonabusers. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2007;105(2):531-3.

Mansourian A, Askarzadeh M, Shabani M, Divsalar K. Comparison of duration of spinal anesthesia with lidocaine or lidocaine plus epinephrine between addicts and non-addicts. Addiction & health. 2012;4(3-4):95-101.

Bovill J. Mechanisms of actions of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. European Journal of Anaesthesiology (EJA). 1997;14:9-15.

Christie M. Cellular neuroadaptations to chronic opioids: tolerance, withdrawal and addiction. British journal of pharmacology. 2008;154(2):384-96.

Wu H-E, Thompson J, Sun H-S, Leitermann RJ, Fujimoto JM, Tseng LF. Nonopioidergic mechanism mediating morphine-induced antianalgesia in the mouse spinal cord. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2004;310(1):240-6.

Szeto HH, Soong Y, Wu D, Qian X, Zhao G-M. Endogenous opioid peptides contribute to antinociceptive potency of intrathecal [Dmt1] DALDA. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2003;305(2):696-702.

Kokki H. Spinal blocks. Pediatric Anesthesia. 2012;22(1):56-64.

Marchand F, Ardid D, Chapuy E, Alloui A, Jourdan D, Eschalier A. Evidence for an involvement of supraspinal delta- and spinal mu-opioid receptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of chronically administered clomipramine in mononeuropathic rats. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2003;307(1):268-74.

Hurley RW, Banfor P, Hammond DL. Spinal pharmacology of antinociception produced by microinjection of mu or delta opioid receptor agonists in the ventromedial medulla of the rat. Neuroscience. 2003;118(3):789-96.

Cox B, Durieux ME, Marcus MA. Toxicity of local anaesthetics. Best practice & research Clinical anaesthesiology. 2003;17(1):111-36.

Butterworth J, James RL, Grimes J. Structure-affinity relationships and stereospecificity of several homologous series of local anesthetics for the beta2-adrenergic receptor. Anesthesia and analgesia. 1997;85(2):336-42.

Horlocker TT. Clinical Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2000;90(6):1464-5.

Burney R, DiFazio C, Foster J. Effects of pH on protein binding of lidocaine. Anesthesia and analgesia. 1978;57(4):478-80.

  • Abstract Viewed: 395 times
  • PDF Downloaded: 199 times
  • HTML Downloaded: 90 times

Download Statastics

Make a Submission

Make a Submission

SJR

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

COPE

Current Issue

Information