Fibrinogen Dysregulation is a Prominent Process in Fatal Conditions of COVID-19 Infection; a Proteomic Analysis
Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 9 No. 1 (2021),
1 January 2021
,
Page e26
https://doi.org/10.22037/aaem.v9i1.1128
Abstract
Introduction: Molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not completely known. Expression changes in patients' plasma proteins have revealed new information about the disease. Introducing the key targeted plasma protein in fatal conditions of COVID-19 infection is the aim of this study.
Methods: Significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma of cases with a fatal condition of COVID-19 were extracted from an original article. These proteins were included in a network via STRING database along with 100 first neighbor proteins to determine central nodes of the network for analyzing.
Results: Queried and added proteins were included in a scale free network. Three hub nodes were identified as critical target proteins. The top queried hub proteins were chains of fibrinogen; Fibrinogen Alpha chain (FGA), Fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), and Fibrinogen beta chain (FGB), which are related to the coagulation process.
Conclusions: It seems that fibrinogen dysregulation has a deep impact on the fatality of COVID-19 infection.
- SARS-CoV-2
- Proteomics
- Proteins
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Fibrinogen
How to Cite
References
Su S, Wong G, Shi W, Liu J, Lai AC, Zhou J, et al. Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends in microbiology. 2016;24(6):490-502.
Cavanagh D. Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. Veterinary research. 2007;38(2):281-97.
Ismail M, Tang Y, Saif Y. Pathogenicity of turkey coronavirus in turkeys and chickens. Avian diseases. 2003;47(3):515-22.
Peiris J, Guan Y, Yuen K. Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Nature medicine. 2004;10(12):S88-S97.
Chan-Yeung M, Xu R. SARS: Epidemiology. Respirology 8: S9–S14. 2003.
Zaki AM, Van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012;367(19):1814-20.
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020.
Organization WH. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 72. 2020.
De Felice FG, Tovar-Moll F, Moll J, Munoz DP, Ferreira ST. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Central Nervous System. Trends in neurosciences. 2020.
Mo P, Xing Y, Xiao Y, Deng L, Zhao Q, Wang H, et al. Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020.
Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, Ding J, Huang Q, Tang Y-Q, et al. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal transduction and targeted therapy. 2020;5(1):1-3.
McFadyen JD, Stevens H, Peter K. The emerging threat of (micro) thrombosis in COVID-19 and its therapeutic implications. Circulation research. 2020;127(4):571-87.
Moore JB, June CH. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19. Science. 2020;368(6490):473-4.
Shi W, Lv J, Lin L. Coagulopathy in COVID-19: Focus on vascular thrombotic events. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 2020;146:32-40.
Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. Eur Respiratory Soc; 2020.
Shu T, Ning W, Wu D, Xu J, Han Q, Huang M, et al. Plasma proteomics identify biomarkers and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Immunity. 2020;53(5):1108-22. e5.
Safari-Alighiarloo N, Taghizadeh M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Goliaei B, Peyvandi AA. Protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) and complex diseases. Gastroenterology and Hepatology from bed to bench. 2014;7(1):17.
Grindrod P, Kibble M. Review of uses of network and graph theory concepts within proteomics. Expert review of proteomics. 2004;1(2):229-38.
Barabási A-L, Bonabeau E. Scale-free networks. Scientific american. 2003;288(5):60-9.
Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rezaei-Tavirani S, Mansouri V, Rostami-Nejad M, Rezaei-Tavirani M. Protein-protein interaction network analysis for a biomarker panel related to human esophageal adenocarcinoma. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP. 2017;18(12):3357.
He X, Zhang J. Why do hubs tend to be essential in protein networks? PLoS Genet. 2006;2(6):e88.
Roy S. Systems biology beyond degree, hubs and scale-free networks: the case for multiple metrics in complex networks. Systems and synthetic biology. 2012;6(1-2):31-4.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
Haematology TL. COVID-19 coagulopathy: an evolving story. The Lancet Haematology. 2020;7(6):e425.
Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis. 2020;18(4):844-7.
Zhang L, Yan X, Fan Q, Liu H, Liu X, Liu Z, et al. D‐dimer levels on admission to predict in‐hospital mortality in patients with COVID‐19. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020;18(6):1324-9.
Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Cattaneo M, Levi M, et al. ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID‐19. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020;18(5):1023-6.
Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, Liang W-h, Ou C-q, He J-x, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20.
Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. China medical treatment expert group for COVID-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease. 2019:1708-20.
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama. 2020;323(11):1061-9.
Flick MJ, Du X, Witte DP, Jiroušková M, Soloviev DA, Busuttil SJ, et al. Leukocyte engagement of fibrin (ogen) via the integrin receptor α M β 2/Mac-1 is critical for host inflammatory response in vivo. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2004;113(11):1596-606.
Zhou H, Liao J, Aloor J, Nie H, Wilson BC, Fessler MB, et al. CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) is a novel surface receptor for extracellular double-stranded RNA to mediate cellular inflammatory responses. The Journal of Immunology. 2013;190(1):115-25.
Altieri D, Agbanyo F, Plescia J, Ginsberg MH, Edgington TS, Plow E. A unique recognition site mediates the interaction of fibrinogen with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18). J Biol Chem. 1990;265(21):12119-22.
Ko Y-P, Flick MJ, editors. Fibrinogen is at the interface of host defense and pathogen virulence in Staphylococcus aureus infection. Semin Thromb Hemost; 2016: NIH Public Access.
Dolhnikoff M, Duarte‐Neto AN, de Almeida Monteiro RA, da Silva LFF, de Oliveira EP, Saldiva PHN, et al. Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe COVID‐19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(6):1517-9.
Thachil J. The protective rather than prothrombotic fibrinogen in COVID‐19 and other inflammatory states. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020;18(8):1849-52.
Abu-Farha M, Al-Sabah S, Hammad MM, Hebbar P, Channanath AM, John SE, et al. Prognostic Genetic Markers for Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Focused Analysis on D-Dimer, Homocysteine and Thromboembolism. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020;11.
Abrams ST, Zhang N, Dart C, Wang SS, Thachil J, Guan Y, et al. Human CRP defends against the toxicity of circulating histones. The Journal of Immunology. 2013;191(5):2495-502.
Collaboration ERF. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cardiovascular disease prediction. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(14):1310-20.
Shibata Y, Tamura K, Ishida N. In vivo analysis of the suppressive effects of immunosuppressive acidic protein, a type of α1-acid glycoprotein, in connection with its high level in tumor-bearing mice. Cancer research. 1983;43(6):2889-96.
Kosmidis CI, Chandrasekar PH. Management of gram-positive bacterial infections in patients with cancer. Leukemia & lymphoma. 2012;53(1):8-18.
- Abstract Viewed: 1017 times
- pdf Downloaded: 354 times