Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research

Introduction: Based on the principles of the self-organization system, making a change in the training composition can lead to more motor learning compared to doing repetitive training. The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of differential and traditional trainings on electromyographic changes of upper torso muscles in performing and learning swimming breaststroke. Materials and Methods: In this quasi experimental study, 36 female swimmers aged 20 to 25 years old were randomly divided into three groups of control, traditional training, and differential training. Individuals of two groups were treated in two traditional and differential ways, and the control group continued their daily activities without any training. Before and after 12-sessions of trainings, the amount of activity in lower torso muscles, including pectorals major, latissimus dorsi, biceps, and triceps, were measured using electromyography respectively. Covariance multivariate analysis was used to compare the pattern of muscles activities and to evaluate the effect of training sessions on muscles activities. Results: Twelve sessions of differential training resulted in significant increases in the average of muscle activity RMS in four muscles compared to the control group. However, these changes were not statistically significant in the traditional training group compared to the control group for the latissimus dorsi muscle. Also, after 12 sessions of training, a significant increase was found in all muscles activities between the control group and the differential. However, this increase between the control and traditional groups was significant only in Latissimus dorsi and biceps. The significant increase between the traditional and differential groups was found in pectoralis major muscle. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that the differential training are more effective than traditional training in learning breaststroke swimming, which can be due to more effective use of muscles during the training.

Introduction: Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common injuries during physical activity. The present study investigated the return to sport after lateral ankle sprains in professional athletes due to the high prevalence of this injury and the need to pay attention to athletes' return to the same level of sports performance as before the injury. Materials and Methods: In this study, a comprehensive review of the published papers have been done considering English specialized keywords, including physical therapy, sport-specific movement, return to sport, ankle injuries, ligament injuries, return to play, lower extremity, ankle sprain, recurrent injury, ankle, sports injury, lateral ankle instability, chronic ankle instability, athlete, lateral ankle sprain. Therefore, databases, i.e., Science Direct, Scopus, Pedro, Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, ISC, Madlib, Magiran, and Irandoc, were explored, and those researches were published between 2000 to April 2022 about the return to sport and LAS injuries were studied. Results: After searching in the mentioned databases, the abstract of 370 articles on return to sport after LAS was first found, and then the full text of 148 related papers was studied. After reviewing them based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and eliminating duplicate items, 47 articles were scrutinized. Finally, 11 papers about the return to sport after LAS injury were identified. Most studies reported that the recommended methods reduce the time to return to sport. In this regard, some studies set a time to return to sport, and some did not report the exact time. Studies emphasized using specific tests and criteria for evaluating athletes to enter the final stage of rehabilitation as the most important principle of safely returning to sport. Conclusion: Athletes' return to physical activity should be followed to allow them to safely return to sport while minimizing the risk of recurrent injuries. Determining specialized criteria and tests for high and diverse populations in sports, especially those involved with lateral ankle sprains, is the key to success in a safer return to sport. However, most studies have been conducted in limited populations and disciplines, and researchers must perform more research in this area.

Introduction: Acceptance and action-based therapy has six central processes that lead to psychological resilience. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance and action approach based on the early maladaptive schemas mediated by emotion regulation difficulties on improving the quality of life in mothers of children with different disabilities. Methods and Materials: This research was a cross sectional study. The statistical population of this study included mothers of children with different disabilities which their children were studying in special schools in Kermanshah in 2020. Mothers age range between 25 and 40 with mean±SD (31±3.9) yr. According to Morgan's table, 400 mothers of children with different disabilities who attended the Kermanshah special schools were participated in the study. Structural Equation Modeling method using PLS software version 3 was used to test the model. Results: The results showed that the initial maladaptive schemas and the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties had a negative and significant effect on the quality of life in mothers of children with different disabilities; Disconnection and rejection, impaired self-control, other orientation, deafness and impaired limitation had a positive and significant effect on the difficulty of emotion regulation; Disconnection and rejection, impaired self-management, other orientation, deafness, impaired action and acceptance had a positive and significant effect, and the difficulty of regulating emotion has a positive and significant effect on action and acceptance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Since early maladaptive schemas as dysfunctional cognitive foundations had negative affect on the perception of phenomena and the formation of the individual's psyche, so by examining and controlling the problems caused by emotion regulation, can plan to increase the quality of life in mothers of =children with different disabilities.

Introduction:Separation anxiety disorder is relatively common, but has serious repercussions on a child's life, and if left untreated will lead to chronic satiety. The purpose of this research is to determine designing a causal model of separation anxiety disorder according to differentiation and mother's empathy with the mediating role of child- Parent relationship.

Method: Research method was descriptive - correlation with structural equation modeling method. The statistical population was all of the Mothers with daughters with separation anxiety disorder syndrome whose child / children in one of the preschool centers in Kermanshah in the academic year 1399-99, and determined 600 people with table's Morgan and selected as sampling by ratio stratified random sampling method. The research data were collected through separation anxiety disorder Hahn, Hajinlian, Eisen, Winder & Pincus (2003), differentiation Drake and Moradi (2015), mother's empathy Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright (2004), child- Parent relationship Pianta (1994) questionnaires. Data analyzed in PLS software with structural equation modeling.

Results: The results show that analysis of the paths of the model show that there is significance the direct effect of differentiation and mother's empathy on child- Parent relationship. There is significance the direct effect of child- Parent relationship on separation anxiety disorder. The direct effect of Self-Handicapping and perfectionism on academic Engagement is also significant.

 Conclusion: There is directly and indirectly significant effect of differentiation and mother's empathy on separation anxiety disorder. Differentiation, mother's empathy, child- Parent relationship can decrease separation anxiety disorder.

Introduction: Infection of surgical wounds is an important complication that delays recovery and the length of hospital admission. This study aimed to determine the infection rate in intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgeries by two methods of closure with nylon thread or staple. Materials &Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 male and 77 female patients in Kosar Hospital, Semnan, Iran. In this study, patients who underwent intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery via the dynamic hip screw (DHS) technique between 2017 and 2019 were participated voluntary. Demographic information, surgical complications, and infection history were extracted from the files and recorded in the data collection form. Data were analyzed by sing SPSS₂₀ software through by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, 2-tailed t-test, and logistic regression. Results: in this study 61.5% of patients were male and 38.5% were female. The type of suture in 100 patients (50%) was a staple and in 100 patients (50%) was a nylon thread. A surgical complication was observed in 51 patients (25.5%) as inflammation, in 1 patient (0.5%) as serous secretion, and 3 patients (1.5%) as inflammation and serous secretion simultaneously, while145 patients (72.5%) developed no complications. There was no significant difference between gender, age, and underlying disease with suture type (staple and nylon suture) (P>0.05). The incidence of complications in the nylon group was 20% compared to the staple group (35%). There was a statistically significant difference between surgical complications with patients' suture type (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nylon thread sutures as a technique for surgical site wound closure in intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgeries, have more favorable results compared to staples due to lower complication rate and surgical site infection.