Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Disease: A Review Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Journal of Pediatric Nephrology,
Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024),
10 April 2025
https://doi.org/10.22037/jpn.v12i1.46998
Abstract
The cystic kidney is one of the most common abnormalities detectable by ultrasound before
and after birth and is also a cause of hydronephrosis; therefore, ultrasound is necessary for
accurate diagnosis. Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital disease in which
the kidney is filled with multiple cysts and does not function properly. This article describes
an article review of MCDK and new attention. This study aimed to increase awareness of
the importance of diseases that cause kidney cysts, especially dysplastic multicystic kidney
disease, to promote understanding of diagnostic methods before and after birth, and to
investigate its cause.
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK)
- Hematuria
- Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
- Imaging
How to Cite
References
[1] Goodyer P, Gupta IR, Westland R, Yosypiv I. Congenital
anomalies of the kidneys. In: Emma F, Goldstein SL, Bagga
A, Bates CM, Shroff R, editors. Pediatric nephrology. 8th ed.
Berlin: Springer; 2022. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-52719-8_86]
[2] Balasundaram M, Chock VY, Wu HY, Blumenfeld YJ, Hintz
SR. Predictors of poor neonatal outcomes in prenatally diagnosed
multicystic dysplastic kidney disease. J Perinatol. 2018;
38(6):658-64. [DOI:10.1038/s41372-018-0093-z] [PMID]
[3] Groen In 't Woud S, Westland R, Feitz WFJ, Roeleveld N,
van Wijk JAE, van der Zanden LFM, et al. Clinical management
of children with a congenital solitary functioning kidney:
Overview and recommendations. Eur Urol Open Sci.
2021; 25:11-20. [DOI:10.1016/j.euros.2021.01.003] [PMID]
[4] Scala C, McDonnell S, Murphy F, Leone Roberti Maggiore
U, Khalil A, Bhide A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of midtrimester
antenatal ultrasound for multicystic dysplastic kidneys.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 50(4):464-9. [DOI:10.1002/
uog.17305] [PMID]
[5] Erlich T, Lipsky AM, Braga LH. A meta-analysis of the incidence
and fate of contralateral vesicoureteral reflux in unilateral
multicystic dysplastic kidney. J Pediatr Urol. 2019;
15(1):77.e1-77.e7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.10.023] [PMID]
[6] Gilad N, Weissmann-Brenner A, Gilboa Y, Dekel B, Achiron
R, Perlman S. Multicystic dysplastic kidney: Prenatal
compensatory renal growth pattern. J Ultrasound Med. 2021;
40(10):2165-71. [DOI:10.1002/jum.15605] [PMID]
[7] Meyers ML, Treece AL, Brown BP, Vemulakonda VM. Imaging
of fetal cystic kidney disease: Multicystic dysplastic
kidney versus renal cystic dysplasia. Pediatr Radiol. 2020;
50(13):1921-33. [DOI:10.1007/s00247-020-04755-5] [PMID]
[8] Kopač M, Kordič R. Associated anomalies and complications
of multicystic dysplastic kidney. Pediatr Rep. 2022;
14(3):375-9. [DOI:10.3390/pediatric14030044] [PMID]
[9] Wang Q, Shi Z, Jiang D. "Watch and wait" strategy for multicystic
dysplastic kidney (MCDK): Status survey of perceptions,
attitudes, and treatment selection in chinese pediatric
urologists and pediatric surgeons. Front Pediatr. 2020; 8:423.
[DOI:10.3389/fped.2020.00423] [PMID]
[10] Aslam M, Watson AR; Trent & Anglia MCDK Study
Group. Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney: Long term
outcomes. Arch Dis Child. 2006; 91(10):820-3. [DOI:10.1136/
adc.2006.095786] [PMID]
[11] Cai M, Guo C, Wang X, Lin M, Xu S, Huang H, et al. Classifying
and evaluating fetuses with multicystic dysplastic kidney
in etiologic studies. Exp Biol Med. 2023; 248(10):858-65.
[DOI:10.1177/15353702231164933] [PMID]
[12] Agarwal S, Badhe BA, Pandey P, Ralli M. Unilateral multicystic
dysplastic kidney with ipsilateral grade V vesicoureteral
reflux: A case report of a rare association. Med J Dr. DY Patil
Univ. 2017; 10(5):479-81. [DOI:10.4103/0975-2870.218185]
[13] Chaubal R, Pokhriyal SC, Deshmukh A, Gupta U, Chaubal
N. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease: An in-utero diagnosis.
Cureus. 2023; 15(4):e37786. [DOI:10.7759/cureus.37786] [PMID]
[14] Grlić S, Gregurović V, Martinić M, Davidović M, Kos I,
Galić S, et al. Single-center experience of pediatric cystic kidney
disease and literature review. Children. 2024; 11(4):392.
[DOI:10.3390/children11040392] [PMID]
[15] Abbo AAH, Hassan BAA, Ibrahim AAO. Multicystic
dysplastic kidney in adults: A case report of unilateral presentation
in an adult sudanese female. Urol Case Rep. 2024;
57:102839. [DOI:10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102839] [PMID]
[16] Sugimoto K, Enya T, Joh K, Miyazaki K, Miyazawa T,
Ohshima R, et al. Pathophysiological clinical features of
an infant with hypertension secondary to multicystic dysplastic
kidney: A case report. BMC Nephrol. 2021; 22(1):55.
[DOI:10.1186/s12882-021-02249-6] [PMID]
[17] Akbalık Kara M, Taktak A, Alparslan C. Retrospective
evaluation of the pediatric multicystic dysplastic kidney patients:
Experience of two centers from southeastern Turkey.
Turk J Med Sci. 2021; 51(3):1331-7. [DOI:10.3906/sag-2011-
175] [PMID]
[18] Chen TJ, Song R, Janssen A, Yosypiv IV. Cytogenomic aberrations
in isolated multicystic dysplastic kidney in children.
Pediatr Res. 2022; 91(3):659-64. [DOI:10.1038/s41390-021-
01476-9] [PMID]
[19] Yamamoto K, Kamei K, Sato M, Ogura M, Suzuki M,
Hasegawa Y, et al. Necessity of performing voiding cystourethrography
for children with unilateral multicystic dysplastic
kidney. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019; 34(2):295-9. [DOI:10.1007/
s00467-018-4079-z]
[20] Sharifian MO, Sepahi MA, Boroujerdi HZ, Hatamian BI,
Shad MG. Spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral reflux
(VUR) in Iranian children: A single center experience in 533
cases. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2011; 3(1):49-58. [Link]
[21] Akhavan Sepahi M, Toloii F, SA Jang, Hoseini BL. [The
prevalence of renal scars among infants under one year old
with a first UTI with or without VUR in Qom, Iran, 2017 (Persian)].
Iran J Kidney Dis. 2020; 14(4):31-7. [Link]
[22] Akhavan-Sepahi M, Sharifian M, Mohkam M, Vafadar
M, Hejazi S. Biochemical risk factors for stone formation in
healthy school children. Acta Medica Iranica. 2012; 50(12):814-
8. [Link]
[23] Pourpashang P, Zahmatkesh A, Mohkam M. A case of
unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and bilateral vesicoureteral
reflux with hyponatremia and hyperkalemia: Multicystic
dysplastic kidney and vesicoureteral reflux. J Pediatr
Nephrol. 2023; 11(1):43-7. [DOI:10.22037/jpn.v11i1.41249]
[24] Schreuder MF, Westland R, van Wijk JA. Unilateral multicystic
dysplastic kidney: A meta-analysis of observational
studies on the incidence, associated urinary tract malformations
and the contralateral kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant.
2009; 24(6):1810-8. [DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfn777] [PMID]
[25] Chang A, Sivananthan D, Nataraja RM, Johnstone L,
Webb N, Lopez PJ. Evidence-based treatment of multicystic
dysplastic kidney: A systematic review. J Pediatr Urol. 2018;
14(6):510-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.09.018] [PMID]
[26] Alamir A, Al Rasheed SA, Al Qahtani AT, Almosa MS,
Aljehani ND, Alanazi ED, et al. The outcome of multicystic
dysplastic kidney disease patients at king Abdulaziz Medical
City in Riyadh. Cureus. 2023; 15(4):e37994. [DOI:10.7759/
cureus.37994]
[27] Pettit S, Chalmers D. Neonatal multicystic dysplastic kidney
with mass effect: A systematic review. J Pediatr Urol.
2021; 17(6):763-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.09.003] [PMID]
[28] Sekine A, Hidaka S, Moriyama T, Shikida Y, Shimazu K,
Ishikawa E, et al. Cystic kidney diseases that require a differential
diagnosis from autosomal dominant polycystic
kidney disease. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(21):6528. [DOI:10.3390/
jcm11216528] [PMID]
[29] Cardona-Grau D, Kogan BA. Update on multicystic dysplastic
kidney. Curr Urol Rep. 2015; 16(10):67. [DOI:10.1007/
s11934-015-0541-7] [PMID]
[30] Magalhães DR, Machado M, Neves C, Cordinhã C,
Carmo C, Gomes C. Multicystic dysplastic kidney: What
changed in three decades? Port Kidney J. 2024; 38(3-4):165-9.
[DOI:10.71749/pkj.44]
[31] Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM); Chetty S.
Multicystic dysplastic kidney. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;
225(5):B21-2. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.046] [PMID]
[32] Kara A, Gurgoze MK, Aydin M, Koc ZP. Clinical features
of children with multicystic dysplastic kidney. Pediatr Int.
2018; 60(8):750-4. [DOI:10.1111/ped.13612] [PMID]
- Abstract Viewed: 19 times
- pdf Downloaded: 12 times