Pediatric Renal Admission: Clinical Spectrum and Outcome, the Experience of Two Semi-urban, Secondary Hospitals in Cameroon
Journal of Pediatric Nephrology,
Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022),
,
Page 7-16
https://doi.org/10.22037/jpn.v10i1.36263
Abstract
Background and aim: There is limited data on renal diseases in paediatric admissions in Cameroon. The aim was to describe the clinical spectrum and outcomes of renal diseases among admitted children in two regional hospitals in Cameroon.
Materials and Methods: we reviewed archived records of children admitted with renal disease from the 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019 for renal diseases and outcomes.
Results: In all, 148 (1.98%) of the 7457 admitted children had a renal disease. Their median age was 7.5 years (IQR 4-12) and 63.5% were females with 32.4% less than 5years. Urinary tract infection (51.4%), Acute kidney injury (21.6%), Nephrotic syndrome (12.2%), chronic kidney disease (12.2%) and renal mass (2.6%) were frequently described. Complicated UTI was observed in 9.2% of children with UTI whereas initiation of corticotherapy (83.3%) was the most common reason for admission in children with nephrotic syndrome. Malaria (40.6%) and sepsis (40.6%) were the most common aetiology of AKI whereas chronic GN was the most common aetiology of CKD. Out of the 32 children with AKI, 50% had an indication for dialysis with 87.5% having access to the therapy. Nine (75%) of the 12 children with non-dialysed CKD-5 needed dialysis with 55.5% (5/9) having access to it. Out of the 148 children, 07 (4.7%) died. Deaths were due to AKI and CKD; with specific death rates of 12.5% and 16.7% respectively.
Conclusion: Renal diseases are uncommon among admitted children. Overall in-hospital mortality was low.
- Clinical spectrum
- Outcome
- Kidney Diseases
- Child admission
How to Cite
References
Jha V, Prasad V. CKD and infectious diseases in Asia Pacific:
Challenges and opportunities. Am J Kidney Dis. 206;
(1):148-60. [DOI:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.01.017] [PMID]
Dirks J, Guisseppe R, Horton S, Schieppati A, Rizvi AH.
Diseases of the kidney and the urinary system. In: Jamison
D, editor. Disease control priorities in developing countries.
Washington (DC): World Bank Publications; 2006. https://
www.google.com/books/edition/Disease_Control_Priorities_
in_Developing/Ds93H98Z6D0C?hl=en&gbpv=0
Luyckx VA, Tonelli M, Stanifer JW. The global burden of
kidney disease and the sustainable development goals. Bull
World Health Organ. 2018; 96(6):414-22D. [DOI:10.2471/
BLT.17.206441] [PMID] [PMCID]
Halle MP, Lapsap CT, Barla E, Fouda H, Djantio H, Moudze
BK, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of children with renal
failure in the Pediatric ward of a tertiary hospital in Cameroon.
BMC Paediatr. 2017; 17(1):202. [DOI:10.1186/s12887-
-0955-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
Adekanmbi AF, Ogunlesi TA, Fetuga MB, Obadina OO,
Adekoya OA. Pattern of renal diseases among hospitalised
children in sagamu. Afr J Sci Nat. 2015; 1(1). http://journals.
oouagoiwoye.edu.ng/v2/index.php/AJSN/article/view/14
Muoneke VU, Una AF, Eke CB, Anyanwu OU. The burden
and outcome of Pediatric renal admissions at the federal
teaching hospital abakaliki; A 3-year review (2011-2013). Ann
Med Health Sci Res. 2016; 6:243-50. [DOI:10.4103/amhsr.
amhsr_342_14] [PMID] [PMCID]
Ladapo TA, Esezobor CI, Lesi FE. Pediatric kidney diseases in
an African country: Prevalence, pectrum and outcome. Saudi
J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2014; 25(5):1110-16. [DOI:10.4103/1319-
139976] [PMID]
Anigilaje E, Adesina T. The pattern and outcomes of childhood
renal diseases at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital,
Abuja, Nigeria: A 4 year retrospective review. Niger Postgrad
Med J. 2019; 26(1):53-60. [DOI:10.4103/npmj.npmj_174_18]
[PMID]
Evans RDR, Docherty M, Seeley A, Craik A, Mpugna M,
Mann S, et al. Incidence, etiology, and outcomes of community-
acquired acute kidney injury in pediatric admissions
in Malawi. Perit Dial Int. 2018; 38(6):405-12. [DOI:10.3747/
pdi.2017.00253] [PMID]
Olowu WA, Ademola A, Ajite AB, Saad YM. Childhood
nephrotic syndrome in tropical Africa: Then and now. Paediatr
Int Child Health. 2017; 37(4):259-68. [DOI:10.1080/2046904
2017.1374002] [PMID]
Obiagwu PN, Lugga AS, Abubakar AA. Pattern of renal
diseases in children attending Pediatric nephrology clinic of
aminu kano teaching hospital, Kano. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;
(7):920-5. [DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_538_18] [PMID]
Harambat J, van Stralen KJ, Kim JJ, Tizard EJ. Epidemiology
of chronic kidney disease in children. Paediatr Nephrol.
; 27(3):363-73. [DOI:10.1007/s00467-011-1939-1] [PMID]
[PMCID]
Peco-Antic A, Bogdanovic R, Paripovic D, Paripovic A,
Kocev N, Golubovic E, et al. Epidemiology of chronic kidney
disease in children in Serbia. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;
(5):1978-84. [DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfr556] [PMID]
Becherucci F, Roperto RM, Materassi M, Romagnani P.
Chronic kidney disease in children. Clin Kidney J. 2016;
(4):583-91. [DOI:10.1093/ckj/sfw047] [PMID] [PMCID]
Okoronkwo NC, Chappjumbo AU, Onyire BN, Ekpemo
SC, Ijeoma SN. Pattern of childhood renal diseases
in Aba, south east Nigeria. Am J Pediatr. 2020; 6(3):285-91.
[DOI:10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.27]
Kumar BH, Krishnamurthy S, Chandrasekaran V, Jindal B,
Ananthakrishnan R. Clinical spectrum of congenital anoma-lies of kidney and urinary tract in children. Indian Pediatr.
; 56(7):566-70. [DOI:10.1007/s13312-019-1556-9] [PMID]
Viswanath D. Nephrotic syndrome in children. J Indian
Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2013; 25(1):18-23. [DOI:10.5005/jpjournals-
-1333]
National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s
Health (UK). Urinary tract infection in children: Diagnosis,
treatment, and long-term management. London:
RCOG Press; 2007. [PMID]
Cleto-Yamane TL, Gomes CLR, Suassuna JHR, Nogueira
PK. Acute kidney injury epidemiology in pediatrics. Braz
J Nephrol. 2019; 41(2):275-83. [DOI:10.1590/2175-8239-
jbn-2018-0127] [PMID] [PMCID]
Jung KM, Cho MH. Clinical approach to children with proteinuria.
Child Kidney Dis. 2017; 21(2):53-60. [DOI:10.3339/
jkspn.2017.21.2.53]
Meyers KEC. Evaluation of hematuria in children. Urol Clin
North Am. 2004; 31(3):559-73. [DOI:10.1016/j.ucl.2004.04.015]
[PMID]
Abdullahi UI. Pediatric renal diseases in a rural tertiary
hospital in north-western Nigeria: Pattern and outcom. J
Egypt Soc Nephrol Transplant. 2017. [DOI:10.4103/jesnt.
jesnt_34_16]
Albar H. Spectrum and outcome of Pediatric renal diseases
in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital Mkassar. Nusant Med
Sci J. 2016; 1(2):10-15. [DOI:10.20956/nmsj.v1i2.2212]
Ashraf M, Kumar V, Bano RA, Wani KA, Ahmed J,
Ahmed K. Spectrum of renal and urinary tract disorders in
Kahmiri children. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(6):SM01-SM02.
[DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2016/20222.7999] [PMID] [PMCID]
Yadav SP, Shah GS, Mishra OP, Baral N. Pattern of renal
diseases in children: A developing country experience. Saudi
J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2016; 27(2):371-76. [DOI:10.4103/1319-
178565] [PMID]
Ali S, Hussien F, Abd Al-Amer H. Profile of renal diseases
in Iraqi children: A single-center report. Saudi J Kidney Dis
Transpl. 2015;26(3):613-8. [DOI:10.4103/1319-2442.157422]
[PMID]
Ezeonwu B, Okike C, Oguonu T, Nwankwo O. Pattern of
renal disease in children admitted into the Pediatric ward of
federal medical center, Asaba. Afr J Nephrol. 2014; 1(1). https://
www.ajol.info/index.php/ajpn/article/view/134631
Garba BI, Muhammad AS, Obasi AB, Adeniji AO. Presentation
and pattern of childhood renal diseases in Gusau, northwestern
Nigeria. South Afr J Child Health. 2017; 11(2):96-8.
[DOI:10.7196/SAJCH.2017.v11i2.1222]
Orta-Sibu N, Lopez M, Moriyon JC, Chavez JB. Renal
diseases in children in Venezuela, South America. Pediatr
Nephrol. 2002; 17(7):566-9. [DOI:10.1007/s00467-002-0892-4]
[PMID]
El-Tigani MAA, Rahman AH, Karrar ZA. Pattern and outcome
of renal diseases in hospitalized children in Khartoum
state, Sudan. Sudan J Paediatr. 2012; 12(2):52-9. [PMID] [PMCID]
Esezobor CI, Ladapo TA, Lesi FE. Clinical profile and hospital
outcome of children with severe acute kidney injury
in a developing country. J Trop Pediatr. 2015; 61(1):54-60.
[DOI:10.1093/tropej/fmu066] [PMID]
Fouda HD, Teuwafeu DG, Halle MP, Kaze FF, Ashutantan
G. Clinical profile and outcome of Pediatric acute kidney
injury in Cameroon: Comparison between an urban and a
semi-urban health facility. Open J Nephrol. 2018; 8(2):56-64.
[DOI:10.4236/ojneph.2018.82007]
Yao KH, Guei MC, Tia WM, Konan SD, Diopoh SP, Sanogo
S. Comparative study of community acute kidney injury in
young patients versus elderly patients in an internal medicine
department in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). J Ren Inj Prev. 2017;
(3):199-204. [DOI:10.15171/jrip.2017.38]
Sonowal R. Profile of renal diseases in North-East Indian
children. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant. 2019; 30(5):1151-55.
[DOI:10.4103/1319-2442.270272] [PMID]
Qader MA, Uddin GM, Rahman H, Hanif M, Roy RR, Begum
A, et al. Diseases in children attending Pediatric nephrology
centres of dhaka city. J Paediatr Nephrol. 2016; 4(3):86-91.
[DOI:10.22037/JPN.V4I3.12580]
Murugapoopathy V, Gupta IR. A primer on congenital
anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tracts (CAKUT).
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020; 15(5):723-31. [DOI:10.2215/
cjn.12581019] [PMID] [PMCID]
- Abstract Viewed: 136 times
- pdf Downloaded: 1168 times