Retrospective Audit of a Pediatric Nephrology Clinic at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Journal of Pediatric Nephrology,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021),
14 Farvardin 2021
https://doi.org/10.22037/jpn.v8i2.33768
Abstract
Backgroundand Aim: To provide basic renal data in the pediatric age group in a poorly resourced hilly state of India, which might be used by researchers and health planners. Methods: The case records of children presenting to pediatric nephrology clinic from April 2016 to March 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Registered cases were broadly categorized into various groups and subgroups based upon clinical presentation and investigation findings. Results: Two hundred and five children presented to the pediatric nephrology clinic with renal diseases over a period of one year. Registered children presenting to pediatric nephrology clinic were broadly categorized into 10 groups. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) was the most common renal disease accounting for 45.6% of registered cases followed by congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprising 26.8% of the cases. Edema was the most common presenting symptom and proteinuria was the most common uri nary finding. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common histopathological finding reported on renal histopathology and peritoneal dialysis was found to be the most frequently used modality for renal replacement therapy. Conclusion: Our data reflects geographical variations of the patterns of renal diseases in a resource poor hilly state of northern India. Improvement in pediatric renal services and targeted training of health care workers would help in early diagnosis and treatment of children with renal diseases resulting in reduction in their morbidity and mortality.
Keywords:
- Pediatrics
- Nephrology
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Glomerulonephritis
- Biopsy
How to Cite
1.
Kumar M, Kumari R, Thakur KC, Tomar A, Batra G, Bose P, et al. Retrospective Audit of a Pediatric Nephrology Clinic at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. J Ped Nephrol [Internet]. 2021 Apr. 10 [cited 2026 Jul. 8];9(2). Available from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/jpn/article/view/33768
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13. Ashraf M, Kumar V, Bano RA, Wani KA, Ahmed J, Ahmed K. Spectrum of renal and urinary tract diseases in Kashmiri children. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2016;10 (6):SM01-02.
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16. Bodaghi E, Vazirian S, Madani A, Shamsa AM, Afzali HM, Elmi F. Primary nephrotic syndrome in Iran: clinicopathological study of 310 cases. Int J Pediatr Nephrol. 1986; 7:127-30.
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21. Bhatta NK, Shrestha P, Budathoki S, Kalakheti BK, Poudel P, Sinha S, et al. Profile of renal diseases in Nepalese children. Kathamandu University Medical Journal. 2008;6(2):191-94.
22. Ali EM, A/Rahman AH, Karrar ZA. Pattern and outcome of renal diseases in hospitalized children in Khartoum State, Sudan. Sudan J Paediatr 2012; 12(2):52-59.
23. Sinha R, Maji B, Sarkar B, Meur S. A prospective audit of complications in 100 consecutive pediatric percutaneous renal biopsies done under real-time ultrasound guidance. Indian J Nephrol 2016;26:329-34.
24. Garg AK, Kanitkar M, Venkateshwar V. Clinicopathological Spectrum of Renal Biopsies in Children. Med J Armed Forces India. 2010;66(3):216-219.
25. Vasudevan A, Iyengar A, Phadke K. Modality of choice for renal replacement therapy for children with acute kidney injury: Results of a survey. Indian J Nephrol. 2012;22(2):121-124.
26. Kumar M, Kalra S, Sood A, Singh R, Kanitkar M. Causes, management practices, and outcomes of pediatric acute kidney injury: A cross-sectional survey. J Mar Med Soc 2019;21:51-4.
2. Lewis MA. Shaw J, Sinha MD, et al. UK Renal Registry 12th Annual report (December 2009): Chapter 14: Demography of the UK pediatric renal replacement therapy population in 2008. Nephron Clin Pract 2010;115 Suppl 1:279-88.
3. Harambat J, van Stralen KJ, Kim JJ, Tizard EJ. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2012;27:363-73.
4. Ladapo TA, Esezobor CI, Lesi FE. Pediatric kidney diseases in an African country: Prevalence, spectrum and outcome. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2014;25:1110-6
5. Ashraf M, Kumar V, Bano RA, Wani KA, Ahmed J, Ahmed K. Spectrum of Renal and Urinary Tract Diseases in Kashmiri Children. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(6):SM01-SM2. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/20222.7999
6. Bagga A. Revised guidelines for management of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Indian J Nephrol. 2008;18(1):31-39. doi:10.4103/0971-4065.41289
7. Indian Society of Pediatric Nephrology, Gulati A, Bagga A, Gulati S, Mehta KP, Vijayakumar M. Management of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Indian Pediatr. 2009 Jan;46(1):35-47. PMID: 19179716
8. Levey AS et al. Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference. Kidney International. 2020; 27:1117-1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.010
9. Sinha, A., Menon, S. & Bagga, A. Nephrotic Syndrome: State of the Art. Curr Pediatr Rep 3, 43–61 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-014-0066-4
10. Sinha, A., Bagga, A., Krishna, A. et al. Revised guidelines on management of antenatal hydronephrosis. Indian Pediatr 50, 215–231 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-013-0064-6
11. Michael IO, Gabriel OE. Pattern of Renal Disease in Children in Midwestern Zone of Nigeria: Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant. 2003;14(4):539-44.
12. Bhatta NK, Shrestha P, Budathoki S, Kalakheti BK, Poudel P, Sinha A, Singh R. Profile of renal diseases in Nepalese children. Kathmandu University Medical Journal. 2008;6 (2):191-194.
13. Ashraf M, Kumar V, Bano RA, Wani KA, Ahmed J, Ahmed K. Spectrum of renal and urinary tract diseases in Kashmiri children. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2016;10 (6):SM01-02.
14. Derakhshan A, Hashemi GH, Fallahzadeh H. Spectrum of In-patient renal diseases in children ‘A report from southern part Islamic republic of Iran’. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant. 2004;15(1):12-17.
15. Michael IO, Gabriel OE. Pattern of Renal Diseases in Children in Midwestern zone of Nigeria. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant. 2003;14:539-44.
16. Bodaghi E, Vazirian S, Madani A, Shamsa AM, Afzali HM, Elmi F. Primary nephrotic syndrome in Iran: clinicopathological study of 310 cases. Int J Pediatr Nephrol. 1986; 7:127-30.
17. Bazina M, Galvaina-Durdov M, Scukanec-Spoljar M, Bazina M, Vukojevic K, Ljutic D, Saraga M. Epidemiology of renal disease in children in the region of Southern Croatia: A 10-year review of regional renal biopsy databases. Med Sci Monit. 2007; 13(4): CR172-6.
18. Zhong Y, Shen Y, Feld LG. Changing pattern of glomerular diseases at Beijing children hospital. Clin Paediatr. 1994;33(9):542-47.
19. Barrat TM, Greifer I. Paediatric nephrology around the world. In: Barrat TM, Anver ED, Harman WE, eds. Paediatric Nephrology, 4th ed. Pennsylvania: Awolters Co. 1999; 1364-65.
20. Isaac E, Ocheke, Selina N, Okolo, Fidelia Bode-Thomas, Emmanuel I. Agaba. Pattern of Childhood Renal Diseases in Jos, Nigeria: A preliminary Report. Journal of Medicine in the Tropics. 2010;12:52-55.
21. Bhatta NK, Shrestha P, Budathoki S, Kalakheti BK, Poudel P, Sinha S, et al. Profile of renal diseases in Nepalese children. Kathamandu University Medical Journal. 2008;6(2):191-94.
22. Ali EM, A/Rahman AH, Karrar ZA. Pattern and outcome of renal diseases in hospitalized children in Khartoum State, Sudan. Sudan J Paediatr 2012; 12(2):52-59.
23. Sinha R, Maji B, Sarkar B, Meur S. A prospective audit of complications in 100 consecutive pediatric percutaneous renal biopsies done under real-time ultrasound guidance. Indian J Nephrol 2016;26:329-34.
24. Garg AK, Kanitkar M, Venkateshwar V. Clinicopathological Spectrum of Renal Biopsies in Children. Med J Armed Forces India. 2010;66(3):216-219.
25. Vasudevan A, Iyengar A, Phadke K. Modality of choice for renal replacement therapy for children with acute kidney injury: Results of a survey. Indian J Nephrol. 2012;22(2):121-124.
26. Kumar M, Kalra S, Sood A, Singh R, Kanitkar M. Causes, management practices, and outcomes of pediatric acute kidney injury: A cross-sectional survey. J Mar Med Soc 2019;21:51-4.
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