Photodynamic Therapy in Root Canal Disinfection: A Case Series and Mini-Review Photodynamic Therapy in Root Canal Disinfection
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences,
Vol. 13 (2022),
10 January 2022
,
Page e19
Abstract
Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now a widely used treatment modality in many fields of dentistry, including endodontics. The most common application of PDT in endodontics is to disinfect root canals. The purpose of this study was to present the experience of using PDT in root canal disinfection of three patients.
Case Presentation: Three patients were referred to the Endodontics Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and were treated using 0.1 mg/mL Toluidine Blue (FotoSan® agent; CMS Dental, Denmark) irradiated with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp (FotoSan®; CMS Dental, Denmark) with a mean wavelength of 630 nm and a mean power density of 3 W/cm2 over two 30-second periods.
Conclusion: PDT using LED lighting can be used in conjunction with conventional root canal treatment (RCT) to achieve great results.
- Photodynamic therapy; Disinfection; Endodontics; Root canal therapy
How to Cite
References
Lubart R, Eichler M, Lavi R, Friedman H, Shainberg A. Low-energy laser irradiation promotes cellular redox activity. Photomed Laser Surg. 2005;23(1):3-9. doi: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.3.
Jacques SL. Laser-Tissue Interactions: Photochemical, Photothermal, and Photomechanical. Surg Clin North Am. 1992;72(3):531-558. doi: 10.1016/S0039- 6109(16)45731-2
Cieplik F, Deng D, Crielaard W, Buchalla W, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A, et al. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy - what we know and what we don't. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2018;44(5):571-589. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2018.1467876.
Diogo P, F Faustino MA, P M S Neves MG, Palma PJ, P Baptista I, Gonçalves T, et al. An Insight into Advanced Approaches for Photosensitizer Optimization in Endodontics- A Critical Review. J Funct Biomater. 2019;10(4):44. doi: 10.3390/jfb10040044
Vendramini Y, Salles A, Portella FF, Brew MC, Steier L, de Figueiredo JAP, et al. Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy on intracanal biofilm: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020;32:102025. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102025.
Abdel-Kader MH. Photodynamic Therapy: From Theory to Application. Springer; 2014. 7. Do QL, Gaudin A. The Efficiency of the Er: YAG Laser and PhotonInduced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS) as an Activation Method in Endodontic Irrigation: A Literature Review. J Lasers Med Sci. 2020;11(3):316-334. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2020.53.
Coelho MS, Vilas-Boas L, Tawil PZ. The effects of photodynamic therapy on postoperative pain in teeth with necrotic pulps. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019;27:396-401. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.002.
Lopes CS, de Azevedo Moreira S, Nícoli GA, Ramirez I, Viola NV. Endodontical treatment of periapical tooth injury with photodynamic therapy: Case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019;28:253-255. doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.09.002
Mustafa M, Almnea R, Ajmal M, Alamri HM, Abdulwahed A, Divakar DD. Efficacy of root canal treatment in c-shaped canals with adjunctive photodynamic therapy using micro-CT. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021;34:102257. doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102257
Asnaashari M, Homayuni H, Paymanpour P. The Antibacterial Effect of Additional Photodynamic Therapy in Failed Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Pilot Study. J Lasers Med Sci. 2016;7(4):238-242. doi:10.15171/jlms.2016.42
Mehrvarzfar P, Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Fekrazad R, Karamifar K, Eslami G, et al. Additive effect of a diode laser on the antibacterial activity of 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and MTAD against Enterococcus faecalis contaminating root canals: an in vitro study. J Oral Sci. 2011;53(3):355-60. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.53.355
Chrepa V, Kotsakis GA, Pagonis TC, Hargreaves KM. The effect of photodynamic therapy in root canal disinfection: a systematic review. J Endod. 2014;40(7):891-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.03.005.
Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement of infected root canal systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019;26:19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.02.009.
Hecker S, Hiller K-A, Galler KM, Erb S, Mader T, Schmalz G. Establishment of an optimized ex vivo system for artificial root canal infection evaluated by use of sodium hypochlorite and the photodynamic therapy. Int Endod J. 2013;46(5):449-457. doi: 10.1111/iej.12010
Gergova RT, Gueorgieva T, Dencheva-Garova MS, Krasteva-Panova AZ, Kalchinov V, Mitov I, et al. Antimicrobial activity of different disinfection methods against biofilms in root canals. J Investig Clin Dent. 2016;7(3):254-62. doi: 10.1111/jicd.12147.
Bago I, Plečko V, Gabrić Pandurić D, Schauperl Z, Baraba A, Anić I. Antimicrobial efficacy of a high-power diode laser, photo-activated disinfection, conventional and sonic activated irrigation during root canal treatment. Int Endod J. 2013;46(4):339-347. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02120.x
Conejero MJ, Almenar A, Forner L, Sanz JL, Llena C. Retrospective clinical evaluation of root canal treatment with or without photodynamic therapy for necrotic teeth and teeth subjected to retreatment. J Oral Sci. 2021;63(2):163-166. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0429.
Silva LABD, Lopes ZMS, Sá RC, Novaes Júnior AB, Romualdo PC, Lucisano MP, et al. Comparison of apical periodontitis repair in endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide-dressing and aPDT. Braz Oral Res. 2019;33:e092. doi: 10.1590/1807- 3107bor-2019.vol33.0092.
Figueiredo VC, de Figueiredo NF, Tang S, Braga T, Amaral RR. The use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the successful management of a nonsurgical complex type II Dens Invaginatus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021;36:102540. doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102540.
Alves-Silva EG, Arruda-Vasconcelos R, Louzada LM, de-Jesus-Soares A, Ferraz CCR, Almeida JFA, et al. The effect of photodynamic therapy on postoperative pain in teeth with primary endodontic infection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022;37:102700. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102700.
Barciela B, da Silva Limoeiro AG, Bueno CE, Fernandes SL, Mandarini DR, Boer NC, et al. In vivo evaluation of painful symptomatology after endodontic treatment with or without the use of photodynamic therapy. J Conserv Dent. 2019;22(4):332-335. doi: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_39_19.
Yoshinari F, Pereira K, Beraldo D, Silva J, Zafalon E, Silva P. Influence of Photodynamic Therapy in the Control of Postoperative Pain in Endodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Randomized Clinical Trial. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2019;19:1-8. doi:10.4034/PBOCI.2019.191.43
Tavares WLF, Oliveira RR, Ferreira MVL, Sobrinho APR, Braga T, Amaral RR. The use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the successful management of an invasive cervical resorption class 4: A case report with five years follow-up. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021;33:102126. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102126.
Gambarini G, Plotino G, Grande NM, Nocca G, Lupi A, Giardina B, et al. In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of FotoSan™ light-activated disinfection on human fibroblasts. Med Sci Monit. 2011;17(3):MT21-5. doi: 10.12659/msm.881435.
Pourhajibagher M, Kazemian H, Chiniforush N, Hosseini N, Pourakbari B, Azizollahi A, et al. Exploring different photosensitizers to optimize elimination of planktonic and biofilm forms of Enterococcus faecalis from infected root canal during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018;24:206-211. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.09.014.
Rios A, He J, Glickman GN, Spears R, Schneiderman ED, Honeyman AL. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy using a light-emitting diode lamp against Enterococcus faecalis in extracted human teeth. J Endod. 2011;37(6):856-9. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2011.03.014
Rosario M, Decastro IC, Campos PF. Applicability of antimicrobial photodynamictherapy in dentistry. Arch Oral Sci Res. 2012;2(2):88-93.
Oda DF, Duarte MAH, Andrade FB, Moriyama LT, Bagnato VS, de Moraes IG. Antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy in root canals using LED curing light, curcumin and carbopol gel. Int Endod J. 2019;52(7):1010-1019. doi.:10.1111/iej.13092
Yildirim C, Karaarslan ES, Ozsevik S, Zer Y, Sari T, Usumez A. Antimicrobialefficiency of photodynamic therapy with different irradiation durations. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(4):469-473. doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.120677.
Nunes MR, Mello I, Franco GC, de Medeiros JM, Dos Santos SS, Habitante SM, et al. Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis, with and without the use of an intracanal optical fiber: an in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011;29(12):803-8. doi: 10.1089/pho.2011.2995.
Moradi Eslami L, Vatanpour M, Aminzadeh N, Mehrvarzfar P, Taheri S. The comparison of intracanal medicaments, diode laser and photodynamic therapy on removing the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in the root canal system (ex-vivo study). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019;26:157-161. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.033.
Er Karaoğlu G, Uğur Ydın Z, Erdönmez D, Göl C, Durmuş M. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy administered using methylene blue, toluidine blue and tetra 2- mercaptopyridine substituted zinc phthalocyanine in root canals contaminated with Enterococcusaecalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020;32:102038. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102038.
Borba ASM, da Silva Pereira SM, Borba MCM, Paschoal MAB, de Jesus Tavarez RR, de Castro Rizzi C, et al. Photodynamic therapy with high-power LED mediated by erythrosine eliminates Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic forms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2017;19:348-351. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.07.007.
- Abstract Viewed: 760 times
- PDF Downloaded: 386 times