Advances in Nursing & Midwifery

Abstract
Introduction: Psychological health plays a vital role in enabling students to successfully acclimate to university life. Individuals with diminished psychological well-being may be susceptible to developing behavioral health challenges, including feelings of inadequacy, low self-worth, self-harm, and eating disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological well-being levels and emotional eating behaviors in university students enrolled in health departments.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between February and April 2023 with 545 students who were enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences at a university. Data were collected through the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Psychological Well-being Scale, and the Emotional Eating Scale. Normality distribution of the data was tested using skewness and kurtosis coefficients; analysis of the descriptive characteristics was performed using descriptive (percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviation, min-max) tests, t-test in independent groups, ANOVA test, Cronbach’s alpha reliability, and Pearson correlation analysis.
Results: Participating individuals’ mean age was 20.88± 1.81, and 74.7% were women, 97.2% were single, 45.1% were nursing students, 49% had income equal to expenses, 57.1% were happy about their weight, 60.2% saw their weight normal, 88.3% did not have any health problems, 59.8% chose the department willingly, 79.8% loved their department, 65.7% had positive expectations about the future, and 71.7% had normal BMI (Body Mass Index). There was a notable difference in the mean scores on the Emotional Eating Scale in female students, in those who were enrolled in the nursing department, who were dissatisfied with their weight, who perceived themselves as overweight, and who were obese. On the other hand, the scores of Psychological Well-Being were higher in those who were content with their weight, who perceived their weight as normal, who willingly chose their department and enjoyed it, and who had positive expectations about the future.
Conclusions: A significant, negative association was detected between the Control against Stimuli sub-scale of the Emotional Eating Scale and the Psychological Well-being Scale, while a significant, positive association was found between the self-control sub-scale and the Psychological Well-being Scale. In line with these results, it is recommended to implement psychological support programs for students to develop coping strategies for emotional eating (stress, anxiety, etc.), to identify students with body image dissatisfaction and guide them to relevant experts, and to provide multidisciplinary teamwork to eliminate obese students’ emotional eating behaviors.

Abstract
Introduction: The current study aimed at analyzing the concept of dignity for elderly population in Iran to provide a more accurate definition and perception of this notion. The study used a hybrid model of concept analysis, while systematic review of literature aimed at providing working definitions in the research theoretical stage.
Methods: A hybrid model of concept analysis was conducted. Definitions Dignity care for the elderly were obtained from a systematic literature review in the theoretical phase. This systematic review was conducted without any time limitation in international databases such as Pro Quest, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Web of Sciences and Iranmedex using relevant keywords by 2 reviewers separately. Subsequent in-depth personal interviews initiated in the fieldwork phase corroborated and refined the concept. Interviews with the fifteen elder took place during December 2014 to January 2015 in Tehran. These qualitative data were integrated in the final analytical phase.
Results: The older people’s dignity can be considered a complicated and dynamic mental condition leading to the improvement of internal feelings. Personal, family, as well as social components affect dignity whose formation depends on relations with other people, ensuring the individual health. Elders’ dignity can be practically defined in association with the domains of dignity in older people, reflecting relative dignity that stems in cultural values and undergoes changes. Elders’ dignity can be characterized by respect, integrity, independence and authority, privacy, unique support as well as engagement in the self-care. The predisposing factors as well as antecedents are dependent on the individual, family, and social dimensions to establish such features.
Conclusions: Explicit conceptualization of dignity in the context of healthcare services results in a better perception of this notion among practitioners, while also improving the contribution of moral factors to the service delivery.

Abstract
Introduction: Nurses need a wide range of skills and capabilities in their work. Among the most important are emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and social responsibility. The present study examines the mediating effect of self-efficacy on nurses’ emotional intelligence and social responsibility.
Methods: This descriptive and correlative study was carried out as a structural equation modeling work. The study population consisted of all nurses in the hospitals affiliated with Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The participants were selected through ratio-stratified random sampling (n=223). Three standard Emotional Intelligence, General Self-efficacy, and Social Responsibility questionnaires were used for data gathering. Data analyses used SPSS v.24 and AMOS v.22 through structural equation modeling.
Results: The results indicated that the direct effect of emotional intelligence on self-efficacy (p=0.001, r=0.56) was positive and significant. The indirect effect of emotional intelligence and social responsibility was also positive (p=0.148, r=0.130); however, it was insignificant. Still, there was no relationship between social responsibility and self-efficacy (r=0.001, p=0.971). The indices supported the model's goodness of fit (GFI=0.948). The RMSEA value was equal to 0.73, which is in an acceptable range.
Conclusions: Considering the study's findings, improving nurses' self-efficacy through education based on emotional intelligence is essential. In addition, emotional intelligence should be one of the criteria taken into account in the process of recruiting nurses.

Abstract
Introduction: The current research endeavors to forecast psychosomatic complaints among adolescent female students in Tehran by exploring the interplay between perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity, with a particular focus on the mediating role of behavioral activation systems.
Methods: The method of the present research was correlation. The statistical population included all female adolescents studying during the academic year 2021-2022 in the high schools of Tehran. The sample size consisted of 620 female students selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Takata and Sakata (2004) Psychosomatic Complaints Scale, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Garfield and Marcus (2005) Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), and Carver and White's (1994) Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Scales (BAI). Research data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and PLS version 3.3 software.
Results: The results indicated that the direct effect of perceived stress on behavioral activation (β = -0.22, p < 0.05) and psychosomatic complaints is significant (β = 0.49, p < 0.05). The direct effect of anxiety sensitivity on behavioral activation (β = 0.13, p < 0.05) and psychosomatic complaints (β = 0.34, p < 0.05) is also significant. The direct effect of behavioral activation on psychosomatic complaints is significant (β = 0.08, p < 0.05). The indirect effect of perceived stress through the mediating role of behavioral activation on psychosomatic complaints is significant.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that the proposed model exhibits a strong fit and represents a pivotal advancement in understanding the factors influencing psychosomatic complaints in adolescent girls. In light of these results, it is advisable for clinical psychologists and school counselors to implement targeted interventions focused on reducing anxiety sensitivity and perceived stress. By addressing these factors, practitioners can potentially alleviate psychosomatic issues in adolescent girls, contributing to their overall well-being and mental health.

Abstract
Introduction: Different personality traits have different positive or negative attitudes towards addiction. This study examines the association between the attitude towards drug addiction and the personality characteristics of Abadan University of Medical Sciences students and highlights the social issue of drug addiction due to its ability to undermine social beliefs.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 324 students were included in the research using the random sampling method. The target population was students, and the research sample was students of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tools were two questionnaires: "attitude towards drug addiction" and questionnaire of the "five-factor model of personality". Tests of Student -t test, one way ANOVA and linear regression were used to analyze the data.
Results: The study participants included 107 men and 217 women. Most of the participants (93.2%) were single. The average age of the participants was 22.25 ± 6.35 years. The mean and standard deviation of attitude towards addiction in students were 59.08±17.34 which was lower than the median value of the questionnaire (96), and this difference was statistically significant. (P value<0.001). Addiction attitude was positively correlated with neuroticism domain (r=0.13, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with openness to experience (r=-0.31, P < 0.01). According to the results of the regression test, 14% of the changes in attitudes towards addiction were predicted by personality domains. Also, neuroticism and openness to experience were the most important predictors for attitude towards addiction.
Conclusions: Personality traits, especially neuroticism, are predictors for attitudes toward drug addiction and drug abuse. Counseling centers should collect student personality traits to predict drug addiction attitudes, identify vulnerable individuals, offer counseling and educational services, and organize events. Participating in sports, attending lectures, and social skills training can reduce drug abuse. Authorities should adapt educational programs to student characteristics.

Introduction: The majority of ICU patients require holistic care, neglecting which can lead to various issues, including eye-related problems. This research aimed to assess the impact of a designed educational program focusing on eye care for patients on the knowledge and practice of ICU nurses in selected hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: A semi-experimental study investigated the impact of a designed educational program on the knowledge and performance of 126 nurses working in the ICU departments in Tehran during the year 1402. The intervention consisted of three 2-hour educational sessions. The control group received standard hospital training. Data analysis utilized descriptive and analytical statistics, chi-square, independent t-tests, and paired t-tests with SPSS version 19 software. To adhere to research ethics, educational booklets were also provided to the nurses in the control group after the sessions.
Results: Initially, there were no statistically significant demographic differences between the groups. Pre-intervention, both control and intervention groups exhibited similar average scores in knowledge and practice. However, following the training sessions, the intervention group's scores notably improved, leading to a statistically significant difference between the two groups (knowledge P= 0.000 and practice = P= 0.02).
Conclusions: Training on eye care proves effective in enhancing nurses' knowledge and skills. It appears essential to incorporate workshops and ongoing training sessions for sustained improvement and optimal outcomes. In this way, it is possible to prevent eye problems in patients hospitalized in ICUs, and if they occur, timely care can achieve favorable results.