Advances in Nursing & Midwifery

Abstract
Introduction: The degree of patient readiness for discharge can be one of the important and influential factors in the outcomes of the post-discharge process. The purpose of this study is to determine the Relationship between Patient Readiness for Hospital Discharge and Post-Discharge Outcomes.
Methods: The study is descriptive-correlational. Through convenient sampling 351 hospitalized patients in general wards were selected. The data collection procedure was done by using the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS), and research made post-discharge follow-up form. RHDS contain 8 items that measure 4 dimensions and in analysis mean score and standard deviation in the range of 0 to 10 reported. The post-discharge follow-up form includes 6 items with yes/no answers. There was not any restriction on the number of outcomes for each individual These items are related to possible and unforeseen consequences of one month after the patient's discharge from the hospital. Readiness for discharge as self-reported and its related outcomes were assessed by telephone communication 30 days after discharge. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The total score of readiness for hospital discharge scale (RHDS), was at a high level (7.82 ± 1.17). The mean score for readiness for hospital discharge had a significant relationship with the recovery outcomes (0.028), readmission (0.001), and death (0.005).
Conclusions: The results of the study showed to reduce the negative outcomes of hospital discharge, the patient's assessment of his condition at the time of discharge should be taken into consideration.

Abstract
Introduction: One of the challenges of married life is divorce, whose rising rate has prompted family researchers to investigate its causes and contributors. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of dysfunctional beliefs in the relationships between thinking styles and differentiation with emotional divorce in divorcing couples.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational research design. The statistical population comprised all divorcing persons visiting clinics and family counseling centers in the city of Isfahan in 2021. A convenient sample of 226 men and women were recruited. They completed the Emotional Divorce Questionnaire, Differentiation of Self Inventory, Thinking Styles Questionnaire, and Dysfunctional Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire. The data analysis involved using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and structural equation modeling.
Results: According to the results, the direct paths from judicial thinking, executive thinking, and dysfunctional beliefs to emotional divorce were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Additionally, the paths from legislative thinking, executive thinking, and differentiation to dysfunctional beliefs were significant (P < 0.001). The indirect effects of legislative thinking (P = 0.006), executive thinking (P = 0.035), and differentiation (P = 0.002) on emotional divorce were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Based on the fit indices results, it can be concluded that the assumed model was acceptable. It is important to address the problems caused by emotional divorce and focus on thinking styles, differentiation, and dysfunctional beliefs to improve couples' relationships.

Abstract
Introduction: Early maladaptive schemas are one of the most important psychological characteristics, and rumination and negative affect are important variables related to primary maladaptive schemas. This present study aims to determine the relationship between rumination and negative affect and primary maladaptive schemas in students of Islamic Azad University in Zanjan.
Methods: This descriptive research is correlational. The statistical population studied in this research included all male and female students of Islamic Azad University, Zanjan branch, who are studying in different fields and levels in the academic year of 2021-2022, which includes 14,000 people, which is a multi-stage random sampling method. They were selected. In the current research, Yang's schema questionnaire, Watson's negative affect effects, and Hoeksma and Maro's rumination were used to collecting data. The method of data analysis was Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression, using SPSS 24 software.
Results: To predict rumination based on early maladaptive schemas in students, those who selected only vulnerability, deprivation, isolation, and rejection schemas from among the early maladaptive schemas were able to explain 13.0% of the variance in rumination in four steps. To predict negative affect based on early maladaptive schemas in students, those who selected only vulnerability, entitlement, and attention-seeking schemata from among the early maladaptive schemas were able to explain 17.0% of the variance in negative affect in three steps. Pearson's correlation results are significant at the 0.001 level to investigate the relationship between rumination and negative affect with primary maladaptive schemas in students.
Conclusions: Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that rumination and negative affect are related to primary maladaptive schemas. This is because primary maladaptive schemas predict rumination and negative affect.

Abstract
Introduction: Children with epilepsy need sustained drug treatment to achieve optimal and desired health outcomes. However, non-adherence to drug treatment is a common cause of adverse health outcomes in this population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between caregivers' beliefs about antiepileptic drug therapy and adherence to medication in children and adolescents with epilepsy.
Methods: This correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on 151 caregivers of children and adolescents with epilepsy aged between 2 months and 19 years old referred to the neurology clinic for epilepsy in Children's Hospital of Bandar Abbas, Iran. Data collection tools included demographic and general questionnaires; the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) to assess medication adherence and the Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) for assessing the pharmaceutical beliefs of caregivers.
Results: Using quantile regression, there was no significant relationship between medication adherence and caregiver belief in the necessity of medications to control a child's epilepsy (P=0.38) and concern about the medications' side effects and efficacy (P=0.24). However, 47.7 % of caregivers reported full medication adherence.
Conclusions: Education about awareness of how to use and the effects of antiepileptic drugs is essential. By taking these actions, it is expected to increase medication adherence and following this, more appropriate control of epilepsy in children and adolescents.

Abstract
Introduction: Mistreatment of elderlies is a global concern in the field of public health and human rights. The primary objective of this study was to identify and analyze risk factors associated with elder abuse through the use of a regression model. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the predictors of elder abuse in Tehran, the number of samples was calculated 425.
Methods: Demographic Information Questionnaire and the Elderly Abuse Questionnaire with 49 items were used for this purpose. The Cronbach’s alpha was calculated 0.85 for the abuse in overall. Using univariate and multivariate linear regression models at a confidence interval of 0.95%.
Results: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 67.44±8.01 years. Approximately 68.7% of the participants were male, while 31.3% were female. The results indicate that emotional abuse had the highest frequency of occurrence among the elderly, whereas physical abuse had the lowest. Among the factors studied, the living companion of the elderly (p< 0.001), education level (p< 0.001), financial independence (p< 0.001), and health status (p< 0.001) were found to be predictors of elder abuse.
Conclusions: As demographic variables have been identified as risk factors for elder abuse, it is recommended that social welfare organizations, care systems, and policymakers implement measures to develop plans and programs aimed at reducing the risk of elder abuse, preventing it at the community level, and addressing barriers related to the improvement of demographic variables.

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-confidence in the relationship between action control and mental health based on Islamic teachings and students' academic progress.
Methods: The current research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, method, and design of correlation and structural equations. The statistical population of the current study was all female students of the second secondary level in Zanjan city in the academic year 2022-2023, of whom 550 were selected by the random cluster method. In order to collect data, action-control questionnaires were used: this one was used by Diefendorf et al.'s. for mental health based on the Islamic teachings of Abol-Maali al-Husseini and Mousazadeh; Gilbert et al.'s self-confidence; and Pham and Taylor's academic achievement questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS version 3.3 and the structural equation method were used.
Results: The direct effect of action control on academic achievement and self-confidence is significant (p< 0.05). The direct effect of mental health based on Islamic teachings on academic progress and self-confidence is significant (p < 0.05). The indirect effect of action control on academic achievement through self-confidence is not significant (p < 0.05). The indirect effect of mental health based on Islamic teachings through self-confidence on academic achievement is not significant (p < 0.05). The results of the goodness of fit indices of the model showed that the research model had a good goodness of fit (SRMR = 0.000, 1 = NFI, GOF = 0.38).
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present research, it is suggested that school counselors provide the means for students' academic progress by strengthening their mental health based on Islamic teachings and their self-confidence.