International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences

Introduction: Considering that creativity is essential to adapt to today's complex world, identification of the affecting factors on the development of this way of thinking is one of the necessities of research area. Hence, the aim of present research is to investigate the relationship between emotional-functional development as a potential effective factor and the formation of creative thinking. Methods: 80 children and their mothers were selected from preschools of Mashhad City based on cluster sampling method. The level of creativity among children was measured through Torrance Test of Critical Thinking (TTCT: visual B-form). The mothers of children in sample group answered the Greenspan Social- Emotional Growth Chart. Results: Data analysis showed a significantly positive association between functional-emotional development and aspects of fluidity, expansion and innovation in two groups of male and female preschool children as verified in creativity test. The results of simple linear regression analysis also showed that functional-emotional development can predict 0.05 percent of variance in creativity. Based on the results of t-test for independent groups, there was no significant difference in the level of functional-emotional development and creative thinking among male and female preschool students. Conclusion: The findings of present study supports the theory of Greenspan (1997) regarding the significance of functional-emotional development in integrated development of human kind and emergence of higher levels of thinking. Declaration of Interest: None. 

Introduction: Positive psychology is a new branch of psychology. The focus of this field is on personal growth; and rather than treating illness, it utilizes scientific methods to aid the achievement of a satisfactory life. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology intervention on psychological well-being of drugs inmates. Methods: The subjects were 30 male drugs inmates in Semnan prison. They were selected through random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental 15 and control groups 15. All participants answered to psychological well-being scale before and after intervention. Experimental group received positive psychology intervention during 12 sessions while control group received no therapy. Data was analyzed using multiple analysis of variance. Results: The statistical analysis showed the mean psychological well-being of the experimental group was meaningfully higher than the mean of psychological well-being of the control group. Conclusion: positive psychology intervention by focusing on personal growth, rather than treating mental illness can improve psychological wellbeing of drug inmates. Declaration Interest: None

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the social adjustment in balanced and non-balanced patterns of the parent-child relationship. Methods: The research population was all female gifted students in the Farzanegan high school in the first educational district of Tehran in 2013-14. The sample research included 96 female gifted students who answered the parent-child relationship model questionnaire and the social adjustment subscale of the Bell adjustment inventory. After scoring their responses and removing uncompleted ones, Sample population was divided into three groups of: the balanced, the non-balances liberal based, and the non-balanced secure-based patterns of parent-child relationship. Data were analyzed by the SPSS using one-way ANOVA. Results:The results showed that the mother-child pattern of the relationship influenced on the child’s social adjustment, while there was no significant influence for the father-child pattern of the relationship. Conclusion: It should be taken into account that the results of this study shows the social adjustment in young ages and before being independent from the family, but the secure-based pattern essentially does not train individuals with high social adjustment.

 Introduction: Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. Increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress has been proposed as possible etiopathologic mechanisms. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) is a natural antioxidant. We investigated the effects of ginkgo biloba extract on neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats, a potential animal model for tardive dyskinesia.Methods: Orofacial dyskinesia was induced by chronic administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p) for a period of 21 days. On 22nd day, animals were assessed for development of oral dyskinesia. Malon di aldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels were evaluated in animal forebrain homogenate.Results: Chronic haloperidol (1 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased the vacuous chewing movement’s frequency, increased MDA and decreased SOD and catalase levels. Co-administration of EGB 25 mg/kg along with haloperidol suppressed the haloperidol induced vacuous chewing movements (Pvalue < 0.05). EGB 100 mg/kg reversed haloperidol induced reduction in SOD level. It also reversed the increment in MDA level observed in haloperidol treated rats.Conclusion: The present study suggested that oxidative stress plays a significant role in neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia and EGB co-administration reverses these behavioral and biochemical changes.Declaration Interest: None.

 Background: To measure suspected abuse of the methamphetamine (MA) among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients in Tehran, we studied all 206 patients who were admitted to MMT program from 2009 to 2015 to Andishe-No addiction treatment clinic. Methods: MA presence was screened in one of the random urine samples routinely taken for tests of other drugs. Results: 70 (34.3%) patients were positive for MA. A logistic regression (multivariate analyses) demonstrated that the MA abusers were more likely to be opiate abusers and less likely to be married. Conclusion: The high prevalence of MA abuse found in our patients which was rather higher than the rate of MA abuse before treatment entrance. The high rate of MA abuse in Iran needs future study Declaration Interest: None.

Introduction: The Aims this ready project has done to determine relationship between mother’s personality traits with perfectionism and academic procrastination in first grade of high school girl students. Group of studying in this search involve all girl student who studied in first grade of high school in Robatkarim city. Methods: this sample chose base on science contained 200 person by simple random sampling method. For collecting data has used of NEO five factor inventory (short form) and Solomon & Roth Blum academic procrastination scale and frost perfectionism scale. Finding: This project is type of correlation. For data analyze has used describing statistic and perennial statistic person correlation and multi variable Regression step by step and was used. Results: There is significant positive correlation between academic procrastination and mother (neuroticism) and negative or relation with (extraversion, openness, agreeableness, consciententiousness). Also analyze regression showed that mother’s conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness are suitable predictor for academic procrastination. Conclusion: Some of the mother, personality traits, are predictors for perfectionism & girls academic procrastination .This subject confirm more than before intending parent-finials relationship interaction, especially Mother in shape some behavioral characteristics

Introduction: The consequences of the increasing use of the Internet for young people have became of interest for researchers in the field of sociology and psychology .The purpose of this study was to determine the role of parental acceptance, rejection, and control in Internet addiction of female students .The study population consisted of all female students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran .Methods: In which 262 individuals with a mean age of 24 years were selected in multi-stage cluster sampling. The method of study was descriptive and correlative type and questionnaires of "Internet Addiction Test (IAT)" and "scale of Parental Acceptance, Rejection and Control Questionnaire (PARCQ)" were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. Results: Results showed that the components of rejection, anger and ignorance of parents have a significant relationship with Internet addiction and there is an inverse significant relationship between the components of the acceptance and Internet addiction. However, no significant relationship was found between parental control and Internet addiction. The regression analysis showed that the variable of parental acceptance and ignorance has the most predictive role in girls' Internet addiction and paternal and maternal control component has no explanatory role in this model. Conclusion: The results showed that parenting style and parent-child interaction play an important roles in addictive tendencies of girls to the internet and we can use this component in prevention and intervention programs in this area.