International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences

Background and Aim: The main objective of the current study was to investigate the role of attachment styles in dark triad of personality with the mediating role of childhood trauma among college students.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational (cross-sectional) study, 148 students (26 men and 122 women) who studied at the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology of Shahid Beheshti University in the 2019-2020 educational year, were selected through convenience sampling method. Then, they answered Collins and Read's Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Standard Child Abuse Questionnaire in Iran and Dark Triad Questionnaire. The data obtained in this study, was analyzed through path analysis method using PLS and SPSS software.Results: The analysis of data indicated that anxious attachment style can predict Machiavellianism by the mediation of childhood trauma (p<0.05). Moreover, anxious attachment style was directly related to narcissism (p<0.05). Furthermore, findings demonstrated other direct paths including anxious attachment style to childhood trauma, childhood trauma to Machiavellianism and anxious attachment style to Machiavellianism (p<0.05).Conclusion: As a result, individuals with insecure anxious attachment style and high childhood trauma are more likely to be diagnosed with the dark triad of personality. Therefore, interventions based on repairing attachment styles and childhood trauma should be considered for psychotherapy and modifying dark triad of personality.

Background and Aim: Marital adjustment is a complex phenomenon and is affected by various internal and external factors. Psychological well-being plays a significant role in the well-being of marital relationships. In contrast, social interactions and career circumstances also affect marital adjustment. However, the threefold relationship between psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and marital adjustment has not been studied to this date. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted from May to August 2018. In this regard, 141 married female students were selected by voluntary sampling method by call and entered the study process after fulfilling the necessary criteria. The demographic checklist, the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Ryff scale psychological wellbeing Questionnaire, and the Overall Job Satisfaction- Brayfield and Rothe Questionnaire were completed by participants. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that psychological well-being and its subscales include autonomy, environment mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, positive relations with others and self-acceptance are a significant predictor of marital adjustment (all p’s <0.01). Findings also showed that job satisfaction has predicted marital adjustment in students (p <0.01, β = 0.246). Also, a significant relationship was observed between the two indices of psychological well-being and job satisfaction (p <0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the significant role of psychological well-being and job satisfaction in explaining marital adjustment. These findings can be associated with clinical applications in the integration of preventive and therapeutic interventions in organizational and family therapy settings.

Background and Aim:Cognitive-Behavioral Therapyas one of the approaches to counseling and family therapy, is an effective way to solve many psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapyon the psychological capital of couples seeking divorce referred to Gorgan Social Emergency Department.

Materials and Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. In this study, 40 couples seeking divorce were selected from the couples who referred to the Gorgan Social Emergency Center in the autumn and winter of 2018. Subjects were divided into two groups of 20 experimental and control. The experimental group received cognitive-behavioral training in 9 sessions, while the control group did not receive this training. The research tool was Lutans Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-23 software.

Results:The results showed that cognitive-behavioral Therapy led to an increase in psychological capital and its components (P> 0.0001).

Conclusion:Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy effectively increased Psychological Capital because of their emphasis on different psychological aspects. On the other hand, cognitive-behavioral therapy through enhancing social interactions, positive emotions, hope training and optimism increased Psychological Capital.

Background and Aim:Quality of life is an important concept in a successful elderly life, therefore the aim of this study was to examine the quality of life modeling based on perceived stress and distress tolerance of the elderly in Ilam with the mediating role of hope.Materials and Methods:This applicable study was conducted through a descriptive-structural equation modeling. Statistical population were elderly people of Ilam city during 2020 (N=9496). The sample size was estimated to be 384 cases using Power-G software. The samples were selected through available sampling method. Participants evaluated by standard quality of life questionnaires of the World Health Organization, Cohen Perceived Stress, Distress Tolerance Scale of Simons and Goher and the Schneider Hope Scale. Data analyzed in SPSS25 and Amos 8 software.Results:The results revealed a significant relationship between perceived stress, distress tolerance, and hope with the quality of life of the elderly in Ilam city. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between perceived stress and distress tolerance with hope. The results of structural equation model showed that hope has a mediating role in the relationship between quality of life with distress tolerance and perceived stress. Perceived stress and distress tolerance showed a total, direct, and indirect effects on hope and quality of life.Conclusion:This finding shows that the relationship between stress and distress tolerance with quality of life is not simple and linear. Factors such as hope can affect this relationship.

Background and Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of forgiveness therapy on state metacognition and self-restraint of female adolescents with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD).

Materials and Methods:The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population of this study were all students with symptoms of disruptive mood dysregulation disorderin the first and second grades of high school in the age range of 14-17 years in schools of Baharestan,Tehran. 35 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research instruments included Emotional ResponseScale, Self-Restraint Questionnaire, and State Metacognition Questionnaire. The subjects of the experimental group received 15 sessions of forgiveness therapy while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis.

Results:The results of data analysis showed that the experimental group compared with the control group in the variables of state metacognition and self-restraint and their components had a significant increase (P<0.05).

Conclusion:According to the findings of the study, forgiveness therapy can be used to increase self-restraint and state metacognition in students withdisruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Background and Aim: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behavior. The aim of this study was to standardize the Impulsive-compulsive Sexual Behaviors (ICSB) Questionnaire and to present and test an experimental model to explain impulsive-compulsive sexual behaviors.

Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 257 individuals who referred to counseling centers in Tehran with complaints of sexual hyperactivity, sexual addiction and high-risk sexual behaviors. The Compulsive-Impulsive Sexual Behavior Questionnaire, the Persian version of Jackson-5 Scales Questionnaire, Attachment Style Questionnaire, Marital Intimacy Scale, Hulbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness (HISA) Questionnaire, Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Scale, and Emotion and Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used in this study. Using LISREL software, structural equation method was used to test the model and using SPSS statistical software, exploratory factor analysis was performed to standardize the questionnaire.

Results: The research findings showed that, among the three components of personality: BAS (SC=-0.109), BIS (SC: -0.357) and FFFS (SC=0.617), have a direct effect on secure attachment style. BIS SC: (0.2) and FFFS (SC=0.219) have a direct effect on the avoidant attachment style. The FFFS (SC=0.416) has a direct effect on anxious attachment style. Among the attachment styles, avoidant style (SC=-0.135) and anxious style (SC=-0.415) have a direct effect on emotion regulation. Sexual motivation (SC=0.174) on intimacy, (SC=0.386) on sexual knowledge and attitude, (SC=-0.225) on the emotion regulation and (SC=-0.405) on ICSBs, had a direct effect. There was a direct effect between intimacy (SC=0.291) on emotion regulation and (SC=-0.207) on ICSBs. There was a direct effect between intimacy, (SC=0.291) on emotion regulation and (SC=-0.207) on ICSBs. Also there was a direct effect between sexual knowledge and attitude (SC=-0.616) on ICSBs. Regulating emotion does not affect ICSBs.

Conclusion: The proposed model can explain the relationships between the occurrence of CISBs and ten effective factors (directly and indirectly) including: personality (BAS, BI S, FFFS), attachment style (secure, avoidant, Anxious), sexual motivation, intimacy, knowledge, and sexual attitude and emotion regulation.