International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences

Introduction: Cancer and the stress associated with it have a significant impact on not only public
health, but also on individuals suffering from cancer can make stressful and pressure conditions for
patients. The aim of this study was to examine the role of gender and death rumination among
patients with cancer.
Methods: The study was done using death rumination questionnaire and defence styles
questionnaire-60 (DSQ-60). The study was conducted on 200 hospitalized cancer patients.
MANOVA test using SPSS was utilized for data analysis. .
Results: According to gender disparity, patients suffering from cancer had high scores in deathexhaust as death rumination. Statistically significant results emerged also on projection (p< 0.05),
projective identification (p< 0.01), and withdrawal (p< 0.05) from defence mechanisms. In
particular, it was found that female cancer patients were more likely to engage in death-exhaust,
projection, projective identification, and withdrawal styles.
Conclusion: Overall, this report codifies the gender disparity in death rumination and defence
styles in hospitalized cancer patients with psychological adjustment in women with cancer,
suggesting that these might be potential targets of psychological intervention for this population.

Introduction: Life skills are the skills, knowledge, and behaviors that are learned to fulfill happiness and aim individuals to succeed in life. The impact of life skills training on quality of life in recent years has always been one of the issues under study in psychiatrists worldwide. The present study investigated the effect of life skills training on quality of life among young couples in Tehran, Iran. Method: The study population consisted of all couples who referred to Ahmadi Health Center during the second 6 months of the year 94. The sample consisted of 60 (30 couples) who were selected by convenience sampling and simple random sampling method. The experimental and control groups were replaced. Before running the independent variable (X), the subjects in both groups were measured by pre-test. Then the independent variable (life skills training) was applied to the experimental group and again the quality of life questionnaire was administered to the test and control subjects. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA test by means of SPSS 22 software. Results: The findings showed that the changes after the life skills training in the experimental group were significant and life skills training had an impact on the quality of life of young couples on the verge of marriage; in other words, the quality of life compared to pre-education significantly had. Conclusion: Life skills training found to be an important factor in improving the quality of people's life, so it is necessary for the authorities to provide the context for these trainings so that these changes have a powerful and long lasting impact.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most important cause of mortality in the world. In addition to physical problems, they are also influenced by psychological factors and psychological therapies along with biological therapy can help to improve these patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy on negative emotions of coronary heart disease patients.Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study included patients with coronary heart disease in the city of Karaj The age range was 30 to 60 yearswho referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Karaj. Samples were selected using available sampling method and then the samples were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group. Data were collected using D-type personality scale and Buss and Perry hostility scale.Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance using SPSS-25 software.Results: The results of this study showed that patients' negative emotion scale scores decreased, indicating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy compared to the control group. Conclusion: Considering that one of the most important psychological factors related to heart disease are negative emotions and these emotions can have an accelerating role in the development and progression of heart disease and Due to the effectiveness of the above treatments, their education can be helpful in addition to medical treatments

Introduction: Addiction to romantic relationship is one of the prevalent disorders in the field of psychology. The objective of the present study is to formulate a qualitative model of addiction to romantic relationships. Methods: The research is an applied study using discovery manner, in which, qualitative research method and grounded theory were utilized. The population was the entire people who were addicted to romantic relationships, selecting purposefully 100 samples for interview process. To collect data, in-depth interview was used, and then, after the implementation of the data, they prepared for analysis. The process of data analysis was deductive. In the other hand, there was no previous conceptual framework for coding and categorizing; rather, it was analyzed freely by coding technique of grounded theory. Results: Regarding the results, the final model of the study comprised eight different concepts, including: affective mental, family, emotional, needs, critics, consequences factors, and the factors related to relationship. Discussion: The results addressed the different context and dimensions of vulnerability to romantic relationships addiction, thus, considering the results of the present study, practitioners particularly psychologists can adopt appropriate intervention either in treatment or prevention of romantic relationship addiction.

Introduction: The levels of Biomarkers such as interleukin 12 (IL-12) are elevated in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) training and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on IL-12 in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all female patients with Relapsing–Remitting MS who had referred to Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Sina Hospital. 30 patients were selected by convenient sampling method and were replaced randomly into two experimental groups and one control group (each group included 10 patients). One of the experimental groups received the CBSM training and another experimental group received the ACT. To measure IL-12, the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurement. Results: The results showed that ACT had no significant effect on IL-12 (p>0.05), but CBSM training significantly reduced IL-12 and these results remained in the follow-up period (p<0.001). Discussion: Relaxation techniques in CBSM can increase diaphragmatic breathing and decrease stress experience, including cortisol levels and stress. Subsequently, physiological symptoms reduce stress and thus affect the level of biomarkers like IL-12. Therefore, it can be useful in improving biological parameters in patients with MS.

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. The purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of optimism training on reducing emotional problems and increasing satisfaction with life (SWL) in patients with MI.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental one with the plan of the pre-test post-test control group. The statistical population included all patients with MI 40-65 years old who were treated in Kasra hospital in Karaj in 2019. The sample was 90 patients with MI assigned to the two groups experimental and control group randomly. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). The data were analyzed using the methods of Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance.Results: The result showed that optimism training significantly decreases emotional problems and increases life satisfaction in the experimental group (P<0.01).Discussion: This finding has important implications as regards the education and mental health of patients with MI. Based on the results, it is necessary to pay more attention to two variables emotional problems and SWL in the design of interventions to reduce the psychological problems of patients with MI.