Evaluating the Effectiveness of Attachment-based Play Therapy on Emotional Self-Regulation in Female Students with ADHD Combined Type and their Mothers’ Parental Self-Efficacy: A Case Study A single case design study
International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025),
17 June 2025
,
Page 48-56
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijabs.v12i2.47423
Abstract
Background and Aim: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders with significant consequences. This study examined the effectiveness of attachment-based play therapy on emotional self-regulation in female students with ADHD (combined type) and their mothers' parental self-efficacy.
Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental, single-subject study employed an A-B baseline approach. Four female students (ages 7–9) with combined-type ADHD symptoms in Isfahan City (2023–2024) participated in this study. Initially, they were given the necessary informed consent, and ethical approval was acquired. The DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria, the Revised Conners Scale for Parents, and a diagnostic interview were applied to select samples. Data collection was conducted using the Emotional Regulation Checklist and Domka’s Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Students and their mothers completed eight therapy sessions (45 minutes each). Data analysis used percentage improvement and Cohen’s d effect size. The study ran from January 2023 to May 2024 without financial support.
Results: Emotional self-regulation improved significantly (effect size: post-test = 1.30; follow-up = 1.51), as did parental self-efficacy (post-test = 1.24; follow-up = 0.95). Given that: - Effect size < 0.2 = minimal impact, - 0.5 = moderate effect, - ≥0.8 = strong effect, results confirm Theraplay’s effectiveness.
Conclusion: Theraplay strengthens mother-child bonds, fostering secure attachment. It enhances children’s emotional regulation, social skills, and overall development, alleviating maternal stress and improving parental self-efficacy. The findings confirm Theraplay’s potential as a powerful intervention for female students with ADHD and their mothers.
- Attention deficit/ Hyperactivity disorder, Attachment-based play therapy, Emotional self-regulation, Parental self-efficacy
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