Psychological flexibility mediate the effect of early maladaptive schemas on Psychopathology
International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences,
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016),
29 January 2018
,
Page 9-17
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijabs.v3i4.15451
Abstract
Introduction: The present research aims to study the mediation role of psychological inflexibility on the relationship between the schemas domains) and anxiety symptoms. Methods: In order to achieve the study objectives, a sample of 230 students has been selected, applying availability sampling. The applying tools included the short-form of Young questionnaire (YSQ-SF), the acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: Correlation analysis has shown that there is a relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, the path analysis shows a mediation role of psychological inflexibility between disconnection/rejection (2.37, p<0.01) impaired autonomy and performance (3.19, p<0.01), overvigilance/inhibition (2.90, p<0.01) and the anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The most obvious finding to emerge from this study was that considering some techniques for decreasing psychological inflexibility enhances the outcome of schema therapy. This research managed to answer how the early maladaptive schemas have their effects on the anxiety symptoms in a students' sample. Further work needs to be done to study the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and psychological inflexibility in the clinical samples. Declaration of Interest: None.
- Psychological inflexibility
- The early maladaptive schemas
- Anxiety symptoms
- Psychopathology
How to Cite
References
Duchesne S, Ratelle CF. Patterns of anxiety symptoms during adolescence: Gender differences and sociomotivational factors. J
Appl Dev Psychol [Internet]. Elsevier Inc.; 2016; 46: 41–50.
Williams LJ, Pasco JA, Stuart AL, Jacka FN, Brennan SL, Dobbins AG, et al.Psychiatric disorders, psychotropicmedication use and falls among women: anobservational study. BMC Psychiatry[Internet]. 2015; 15: 75
Holloway KL, Williams LJ, Brennan-OlsenSL, Morse AG, Kotowicz MA, NicholsonGC, et al. Anxiety disorders and falls among older adults. J Affect Disord [Internet].Elsevier; 2016; 205: 20–7.
Boudoukha AH, Przygodzki-Lionet N,Hautekeete M. Traumatic events and earlymaladaptive schemas (EMS): Prison guard
psychological vulnerability. Rev Eur Psychol Appl [Internet]. Elsevier Masson SAS; 2016; 66(4): 181–7.
Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar, M. Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide. Vol. 160, American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003. 2074- NaN-2075 p.
Lobbestael J, Arntz A, Sieswerda S. Schema modes and childhood abuse in borderline and antisocial personality disorders. J Behav
Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2005; 36(3): 240–53.
Welburn K, Coristine M, Dagg P, Pontefract A, Jordan S. The Schema Questionnaire—Short Form: Factor Analysis and Relationship between Schemas and Symptoms. Cognit Ther Res [Internet].
; 26(4): 519–30.
Jovev M, Hon BS, Jackson HJ, Psych MAC.Personality Disordered Individuals. J Pers Disord. 2004; 18(5):467–78.
Stopa L, Waters A. The effect of mood on responses to the Young Schema Questionnaire: short form. Psychol Psychother. 2005; 78 (Pt 1): 45–57.
McGinn LK, Cukor D, Sanderson WC. The Relationship Between Parenting Style,Cognitive Style, and Anxiety and Depression: Does Increased Early Adversity Influence Symptom Severity Through the
Mediating Role of Cognitive Style? Cognit Ther Res. 2005; 29(2): 219–42.
Schmidt NB, Joiner TE, Young JEJ, Telch MJ. The Schema uestionnaire:Investigaton of Psychometric Properties and the Hierarchical Structure of a Measure of Maladaptive Schemas. Cognit Ther Res.1995; 19 (3): 295–321.
Calvete E. Child Abuse & Neglect Emotional abuse as a predictor of early maladaptive schemas in adolescents :Contributions to the development of depressive and social anxiety symptoms ଝ.
Child Abuse Negl [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd;2014; 38(4): 735–46.
Gaudiano BA, Schofield CA, Davis C, Rifkin LS. Psychological inflexibility as a mediator of the relationship between depressive symptom severity and public stigma in depression. J Context Behav Sci [Internet]. Elsevier Inc.; 2017.
Martin R, Young J. Schema therapy. Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapies.2010. 317-346 p.
Edwards D, Arntz A. An Introduction to Schema Therapy Schema Therapy in Historical Perspective. Wiley-Blackwell Handb Schema Ther Theory, Res Pract.2012;
Wilhelm S, Berman NC, Keshaviah A,Schwartz RA, Steketee G. Mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: role of maladaptive beliefs and schemas. Behav Res Ther
[Internet]. 2015 Feb [cited 2016 Apr 17];65:5–10.
Eun J, Won S, Jae S. Relationship between early maladaptive schemas and symptom dimensions in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res[Internet]. Elsevier; 2014; 215(1): 134–40.
Ahi GH, Mohammadifar, MA, Besharat,MA. Reliability and validity of Young’s schema questionnaire-short form; 2006; Psychol Edu, 5-20. [Persian]
Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, Orcutt HK, et al.Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A Revised Measure of Psychological
Inflexibility and Experiential Avoidance.Beh Ther. 2011; 42, 676–688.
Abbasi E, Fata L, Moloodi R, Zarrabi H.Psychometric properties of Persian acceptance and action questionnaire-II.Pschol Meth & Modls. 2012; 65-80.
Beck, AT, Steer RA. Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Anto: Psychological Corporation. 1990.
Kaviani H, Mousavi AS. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Tehran University Medical Journal. 2008; 65, 136-140. (Persian).
Wetherell JL, Gatz M. The Beck anxiety inventory in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2005; 27(1): 17–24.
Rafiei M, Seifi A. An Investigation into the Reliability and Validity of Beck Anxiety Inventory among the University Students. J
Thoug & Behav in Clin Psych. 2013; 7(27):43-50.
Fischer TD, Smout MF, Delfabbro PH. The relationship between psychological flexibility, early maladaptive schemas,perceived parenting and psychopathology. J Context Behav Sci [Internet]. Elsevier;2016; 1–9.
Láng A. Machiavellianism and early maladaptive schemas in adolescents. Vol. 87, Personality and Individual Differences. 2015.
Walburg V, Chiaramello S. Link between early maladaptive schemas and defense mechanisms Lien entre schémas précoces
inadaptés et mécanismes de défenses. Rev Eur Psychol Appl [Internet]. Elsevier Masson SAS; 2015; 65(5): 221–6
McCarthy MC, Lumley MN. Sources of Emotional Maltreatment and the Differential Development of Unconditional and Conditional Schemas. Cogn Behav Ther [Internet]. 2012; 41(February 2015): 1–10.
Williams KE, Ciarrochi J, Heaven PCL. Inflexible Parents, Inflexible Kids: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style and the Development of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc.
; 41(8): 1053–66. 30. Fonagy P, Target M. Attachment and
reflective function: their role in selforganization. Dev Psychopathol. 1997; 9(4): 679–700.
- Abstract Viewed: 636 times
- PDF Downloaded: 520 times